Synthesis of Mesoporous TiO₂ Spheres via the Solvothermal Process and Its Application in the Development of DSSC

Table 3

Performance parameters of solar cells. Left side: DSSCs utilizing TiO₂^m synthesized via a sol-gel/solvothermal process at different HCl concentrations and at a 1.9% (v/v) H₂O concentration and thermally treated in air at 530°C. Right side: DSSCs prepared from TiO₂^m synthesized at different H₂O contents and at a 2.5% (v/v) HCl concentration for the hydrolysis and thermally treated in air at 530°C.

HCl% (v/v)	V OC (V)	J SC (mA·cm^−2)	FF	η (%)	H2O% (v/v)	V OC (V)	J SC (mA·cm^−2)	FF	η (%)
0.5	0.73	4.20	0.68	2.06	1.9	0.68	9.54	0.60	3.91
1.0	0.69	6.76	0.68	3.15	2.4	0.69	9.38	0.63	4.07
1.5	0.68	8.61	0.63	3.65	2.9	0.70	7.27	0.64	3.26
2.0	0.69	10.14	0.52	3.66	3.4	0.69	8.44	0.64	3.69
2.5	0.68	9.54	0.60	3.91	3.9	0.68	9.45	0.63	4.08
3.0	0.70	8.83	0.59	3.69	4.9	0.67	9.16	0.65	3.99