Study on Crack Propagation of the Tunnel Model under Dynamic Loading

Figure 8

Dynamic caustic image patterns on the tunnel model specimen under different impact speed conditions. (a) V = 3.32 m/s. (b) V = 3.78 m/s. (c) V = 4.28 m/s. (d) V = 4.53 m/s. (e) V = 4.79 m/s. (f) V = 5.16 m/s.

(a)

(b)

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(d)

(e)

(f)