Estimating the Asphalt Binder Film Thickness Using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

Table 6

Properties of asphalt binder.

Property	Value
Penetration at 25°C, (1/10^th of mm) ASTM D5 [35]	64.5
Softening point, (°C) ASTM D36 [36]	49
Ductility, (cm) ASTM D113 [37]	101
Flash point, (°C) ASTM C142 [38]	264
Fire point, (°C) ASTM C142 [38]	288
Viscosity at 135°C, (Pa·s) ASTM D4402 [39]	0.627
Viscosity at 165°C, (Pa·s) ASTM D4402 [39]	0.170
Complex modulus, G∗ (kPa) ASTM D7175 [40]	32.2
Phase angle, δ° (degree) ASTM D7175 [40]	80.65
G∗/Sin δ ASTM D6373 [41]	32.63