Experimental Study on Temperature Field Evolution Mechanism of Artificially Frozen Gravel Formation under Groundwater Seepage Flow

<div>Time history of the brine temperature and freezing pipe wall temperature. (a) Brine in the freezing pipe in physical modelling. (b) Freezing pipe wall in physical modelling.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 5

Figure 5: Experimental Study on Temperature Field Evolution Mechanism of Artificially Frozen Gravel Formation under Groundwater Seepage Flow 