A Systematic Review on the Mechanical, Tribological, and Corrosion Properties of Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated through Stir Casting Process

Sambathkumar, M.; Gukendran, R.; Mohanraj, T.; Karupannasamy, D. K.; Natarajan, N.; Christopher, David Santosh

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5442809

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

On this page

Abstract Introduction Conclusions Conflicts of Interest References Copyright Related Articles

Special Issue

Fabrication and Machinability of Alloys and Composites

View this Special Issue

Review Article | Open Access

Volume 2023 | Article ID 5442809 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5442809

A Systematic Review on the Mechanical, Tribological, and Corrosion Properties of Al 7075 Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated through Stir Casting Process

M. Sambathkumar,¹R. Gukendran,¹T. Mohanraj,²D. K. Karupannasamy,¹N. Natarajan,³and David Santosh Christopher⁴

Academic Editor: Tadeusz Mikolajczyk

Received24 Jun 2022

Revised28 Sept 2022

Accepted30 Sept 2022

Published21 Jan 2023

Abstract

Aluminium alloy components are used in lightweight engineering applications and lack mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. When hard reinforcement particulates are dispersed in the aluminium matrix alloy, aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are formed. This new material exhibits enhanced properties such as better specific stiffness, specific strength, corrosion resistance, elastic modulus, wear resistance, and lightweight. AMCs have many favorable properties compared to their alloy and extensive applications. Especially, in the space industry, where weight reduction and an increase in modulus are prevalent, the strength-to-weight ratio is more important. This study focuses on the tribological, mechanical, and corrosion properties of Al 7075 metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with one or more particulates such as aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃), boron carbide (B₄C), titanium carbide (TiC), silicon carbide (SiC), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and titanium diboride (TiB₂). In AMCs, the reinforcements are incorporated by either the solid or liquid metallurgy route. The study addresses the findings and shortcomings in the preparation of MMCs with reinforcements and their improvement in corrosion resistance, wear resistance, mechanical properties, and lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the Al 7075 base alloy. A comprehensive survey of reinforcement particulates in MMCs and their influences are outlined from the literature, encompassing recent research trends to enhance the structural properties.

1. Introduction

Airplane and automotive sectors have faced more technological disputes in meeting consumer obligations. Weight reduction is the foremost task among manufacturers. Decreased weight in airplanes can reduce fuel consumption, enhance payload [1], improve performance, and lower emissions [2]. Additionally, the material has ameliorated properties like corrosion, mechanical, wear, and so on, reducing maintenance and repair costs and increasing service life. Reducing weight and cost is essential for aircraft and automobiles. Thus, the need arises to search for suitable advanced material [3, 4]. During the last few decades, researchers have focused on composite materials to develop advanced materials to meet customer requirements. The researchers did a comprehensive review of polymer MMCs [5].

The materials used for constructing airplanes and automobiles ought to have a lightweight, high specific strength, resistance against high temperature, fatigue load, corrosion and crack, and low wear rate [6]. Previously, alloy steels were generally used for airplanes and automotive components. The benefits of ferrous metals are broad availability and inexpensiveness; and drawbacks include substantial weight, a higher wear rate, and lesser corrosion resistance. Nonferrous metals have low densities compared to ferrous metals, and there has been broad interest in using aluminium, magnesium, titanium, and so on for various applications. Among the various nonferrous materials, Magnesium (Mg) is a lightweight metal but is restricted in airplane production because it quickly seizes fire [7, 8]. Titanium (Ti) expends an equivalent weight to Mg, costing 20 to 30 times more than Aluminium (Al).

The tensile strength of pure Al is about 90 MPa, and its strength can be increased by about two times by rolling or other cold working processes. By alloying with other metals or using heat treatment processes, the tensile strength can be increased to the strength range of structural steel. Aluminium alloy (AA) is often used because it is more robust than most magnesium alloys [9]. Different manufacturing methods fabricate aluminium alloys by adding alloying elements such as copper, manganese, silicon, magnesium, zinc, and lithium to improve their properties.

1.1. Aluminium Matrix Composites

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are a type of MMC that provide a superior combination of physical, mechanical, and thermal properties compared to monolithic materials. Due to their higher performance and environmental benefits, AMCs are used in the aerospace and automobile industries for the benefits of lower fuel consumption and noise. Moreover, the selection of reinforcement and fabrication techniques of AMCs can offer a wide variety of commercial applications [10]. The usage of reinforcement and matrix materials in composites is represented in Figures 1(a) and 1(b).

(a)

(b)

To the authors’ best knowledge, the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of AA 7075-MMCs with different reinforcements were rarely found in the literature. This article investigates the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of Al 7075 MMCs reinforced with different particulates. In this paper, the authors mainly focus on reinforcing Al 7075 alloys with SiC, B₄C, Al₂O₃, etc., by stir casting and analyzing their properties through tensile tests, friction and wear tests, and corrosion tests. The results from the literature are compared to show the variations in properties of MMCs in a comprehensive manner. Due to its potential application and studies, the authors limit the review of Al-based MMCs to Al₂O₃, SiC, Gr, etc. Table 1 shows review articles related to various aluminium alloy composites. From the review, the production of Al-MMCs with different manufacturing techniques and studied their mechanical or wear or corrosion properties. Review papers on Al 7075 are minimal and study their mechanical and wear properties only. This review article discussed the origin of AMCs, the fabrication (stir casting) method compared with other techniques, different reinforcement types, mechanical properties, wear properties, and corrosion properties.

2. Fabrication Methods of AMCs

This section presents an outline of the different fabrication methods of Al-based MMCs and their advantages and disadvantages. The properties of Al, Mg, and Ti are presented in Table 2. The properties of different aluminium alloys and their applications are represented in Table 3.

In Table 3, the heat-treatable aluminium 2xxx and 7xxx series alloys have higher strengths than other aluminium alloy series and are applicable for aerospace and automobile applications. Table 4 provides a comparative study of various manufacturing processes of Al-MMCs. Manufacturing AMC on an industrial scale can be classified as(i)Liquid state process: spray casting, infiltration, and stir casting(ii)Solid-state process: powder metallurgy and diffusion bonding processes

Various techniques have been used to develop composite materials. From these available techniques, stir casting (liquid metallurgy) is the best way to produce the composite owing to its low cost, simplicity, and mass production [22]. Aluminium-zinc (Al-Zn) alloys are used widely in automobiles due to their lightweight, castability, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. They are widely utilized in various applications [23]. They are ready to cast using all standard casting techniques [24].

Numerous studies on hybrid Al-MMCs reinforced with more than one reinforcement, such as boron carbide (B₄C), alumina (Al₂O₃), titanium carbide (TiC), silicon carbide (SiC), and graphite (Gr), show an enhancement in properties as compared to the base alloy and single reinforcement composites. Adding a little weight/volume fraction of reinforcement to MMCs improves the mechanical and thermal properties. In the liquid metallurgy technique, the homogeneous dispersal of particles into the matrix is the challenging step, affecting the properties and quality of the composites directly. The matrix and reinforcement have an interfacial strength, which determines the properties of MMCs.

In stir casting, the gases are entrapped during melting and mixing/stirring, producing gas bubbles and porosity [25]. The porosity amount depends on the matrix and reinforcement type, weight/volume fraction, and process parameters. The reinforcement particle distribution in the molten metal depends on the geometry, location, stirring parameter of the stirrer, and melting temperature [26]. Al-MMCs were prepared with powder metallurgy (PM) route with different wt.% of SiC reinforcements. An increase in SiC ratio by 5 wt.% enhanced hardness by 14%. The compressive strength is maximum with 25 wt.% of SiC [27]. The Al₂O₃ and collagens were reinforced with Al-MMCs using the stir casting method. They found that there were 38.25% and 45% enhancements in tensile strength (TS) and hardness for the Al + 5% collagen + 5% Al₂O₃ composite, respectively. Though composite material’s density, toughness, and ductility were decreased by 0.16%, 25%, and 24.24%, respectively [28]. Mg₂Zn matrix alloy reinforced with Al₂O₃ fabricated through the PM route. Mg alloy composite with 8 wt.% of Al₂O₃ exhibits the highest TS of 191 MPa. The least weight loss (9%) and corrosion rate (2.5 mm/year) were obtained with a 2 wt.% Al₂O₃ [29].

Al 7005 composite reinforced with fly ash (FA) (5 wt.%, 6 wt.%) and S-glass fiber (5 wt.%) was fabricated through a stir casting route. They found that Al 7005 + 6 wt.% of fly ash exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance compared to other composites. During the corrosion test, the fly ash particles remain inactive and act as a physical fence with corrosive medium [30]. An aluminium hybrid MMCs was produced using the stir casting method and investigated the mechanical and tribological properties [31].

AA7075-Y₂O₃ (0.5 wt.%) composites were successfully produced through the PM (ball milling and hot pressing) route. The fabricated composite exhibits enhanced hardness and TS of 164% and 90%, respectively [32]. The combination of PM and ball milling was utilized to produce the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-reinforced AMCs. After 8 hrs of ball milling, hardness was increased by 160%, and after 2 hrs of milling, density increased by 99.96% from the base composite. This result ensures that the employed PM method effectively produces MMCs with enhanced mechanical properties [33].

A summary of various fabrication methods for different AAs explored by various researchers is given in Table 5. Various reinforcement materials are added to enhance the properties of AAs. The addition of one or more particulates into the AA has also been studied and is listed in Table 6.

3. Methods of Structure Analysis

This section describes the microstructure using an optical microscopic image, SEM morphological analysis, and elemental mapping using EDAX.

3.1. Optical Microstructure Analysis

This section discusses the microstructure observations of MMCs and their key characteristics. Equal dispersion of reinforcement particles into the matrix enhances the properties of the MMCs. According to Kalkanlı and Yılmaz [83], the reinforcement material is evenly distributed in the base material, as illustrated in Figure 2. The optical microstructure of the Al 7075 + SiC MMC composite shows that the SiC particles are equally dispersed in the matrix and reveals the composite that increases the content of reinforcement in the base matrix.

(a)

(b)

(c)

3.2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis

The following section addresses the SEM analysis of various MMCs in the literature. SEM images were used to analyze surface morphology in tensile, tribological, and corrosion studies. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the cast matrix Al 7075/SiC MMCs are presented in Figure 3, and the reinforcement particles are distributed evenly in the Al molten metal. The SEM image depends mainly on the mean atomic number of various phases present in the metals. According to Bhushan et al. [84] SEM images of the Al 7075/SiC with 0%, 10%, and 15% (20–40 μm) composite show an even distribution of the reinforcements, as illustrated in Figures 3(a)–3(c). Figures 3(d)–3(f) present the uniform distribution of Al 7075/15 wt.% of SiC with different particle sizes.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

3.3. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Analysis

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis reveals detailed information about the elements present in materials. Figure 4 shows the EDAX of A7075/basalt composite materials. The EDAX of Al 7075/7.5 wt.% of basalt composites is composed mainly of solid diffraction lines of Al phase with Zn, Fe, and so on phases but with weak diffraction lines.

4. Mechanical Properties Research

In this section, the authors report the key findings about the hardness and tensile strength results found in the literature. From this study, other properties such as ductility, elongation, and yield point were also found by using stress-strain.

4.1. Hardness

The composite containing a higher volume percentage of reinforcement exhibits superior hardness. According to Baradeswaran et al. adding Al₂O₃ fragments into the Al 7075 matrix improves the hardness values, as shown in Figure 5. Hard reinforcement particles increase the load-carrying capability of the MMC, constrain the matrix deformation by restricting the movement of disruption, and increase the strength of the composites [76].

4.2. Tensile Strength

Hybrid composites of Al 7075 exhibit improved tensile strength (TS) compared to the base composite. The presence of hard reinforcement particles improves the strengthening effect of the composites. In Al 7075 hybrid MMCs, the hard reinforcement particles are scattered consistently, resulting in the act of block-off for dislocation movement. It reduces the rupture of the composite material [87]. Increasing hard reinforcement increases the TS and reduces the fracture of the composite by stress transfer from the Al matrix to the reinforcements. This is due to the orowan mechanism [88], bypassing serious obstacles where dislocation is limited around a reinforcement, which improves TS. Figure 6 presents an SEM image of the Al 7075 fractured surface and its stress-strain curve.

(a)

(b)

During tensile testing, when applying load on the material, the high local stress concentration will be generated around the particles, enhancing debonding or breaking of SiC particles, as shown in Figure 7 [89]. Al-MMCs reinforced with hard ceramic parts rapidly change conventional materials in different applications [90]. The Al/SiC particles are more rigid than the other ceramic particles and provide a very effective barrier to subsurface shear [91]. Deaquino et al. [92] fabricated Al 7075/graphite composites by hot extrusion and mechanical alloying. Increasing the milling time and Gr wt.% refines the grain size and increases the dislocation density. The addition of graphite particles reacts with Al and forms Al₄C₃ during the extrusion and sintering processes, which enhances the TS of the composite by interrupting the dislocation motion.

Rogal et al. [93] studied the microstructure characterization of the Al 7075 alloy after the thixo forming process. After the formation of semisolid metal, the globular microstructure is obtained, and the size of the average globules is 60–90 μm, whereas the process temperature is 615°C and the piston velocity is 1.5 m/s. Thixo formed microstructure samples show 19% eutectic, 12% Cu, and 77% Al (all in wt.%). Qu et al. [94] have studied the properties of spray-formed Al 7075 alloys under various heat treatment processes and reported that tiny and disconnected precipitates at grain boundaries improve the alloy’s corrosion resistance and ultimate tensile strength. The Al-MMCs treated with the U-RRA-H process show higher properties than the T6, T73, and conventional RRA processes.

Similarly, Senthilvelan et al. [95] developed Al 7075/10 wt.% SiC, B₄C, and Al₂O₃ composites using the stir casting method. Al/B₄C composites show a tensile strength improvement of 143% due to the most robust bonding between reinforcement and matrix. However, in the Al/Al₂O₃ and Al/SiC composites, 88% and 46% tensile strength are obtained because of weak interface and porosity. Clark et al. [96] and Reda et al. [97] have deliberated on the retrogagation-treated Al 7075 T6 alloy and reported that preaging material improves the electrical resistivity, tensile properties, and hardness. Kim et al. [98] have reported that aged Al 7075 improves the hardness.

Baradeswaran and Perumal [57] examined the wear and mechanical properties of Al 7075/Gr composites developed by the liquid casting technique. The flexural strength and hardness decrease when raising the Gr content by 5 wt.%. The wear property increases compared to the other samples with increasing sliding distance, sliding speed, and graphite content (up to 5 wt.%). The composite’s wear rate rises with increasing load. Lee and Kwon [99] have fabricated Al 7075/SiC composites by a pressureless infiltration process and reported that the composites exhibit higher strength values than the base alloy in all the treated conditions. The addition of Mg improves the wettability and TS.

Chen et al. [100] developed Al 7075 hybrid composite reinforced with 40 vol.% SiC particle and 5 vol.% Ti particle by the squeeze casting process. Casted hybrid Al-MMCs have a TS of 622 MPa and considerable plasticity of 1.2%. The addition of Ti particles improves crack propagation resistance and plastic deformation. The TS of MMC was enhanced due to the good interfacial bonding between Ti reinforcement and the base matrix. Kannan and Ramanujam [101] fabricated Al 7075 hybrid nanocomposites using squeeze and stir casting techniques and analyzed the microstructural and mechanical characterization. The hardness and ultimate TS increase when both single and hybrid composites expand the reinforcements. The hardness of hybrid and single-reinforced nanocomposite by stir casting is improved by 81.1% and 63.7% respectively, while a single-reinforced squeeze cast nanocomposite improves up to 90.5%. The ultimate TS of the nanocomposite is also detected up to 60.1%, 73.8% and 92.3% in the same series of composites compared to base alloy respectively.

In the same way, Lu et al. [102] studied the mechanical and thermophysical properties of Al 7075/SiC/Cr hybrid MMC produced through squeeze casting. Thermophysical and mechanical properties are enhanced by the addition of Cr particles into the 50% SiC composite. 50% SiC + 5% Cr composite show ductile-brittle fracture mode, but 50 SiC composite exhibits brittle fracture mode. Adding Cr particles decreases the dislocation density, forming a good interface between Al matrix and Cr particles and improving fracture toughness and interface conductance. The hybrid composite material has good thermophysical properties and the highest bending strength. Baradeswaran and Perumal [76] studied the wear and mechanical performance of Al 7075/Al₂O₃/5 wt.% of Gr hybrid MMC fabricated through stir casting. In a wear process, the Gr particles act as a solid lubricant and reduce the friction coefficient of the composites. Table 7 shows the mechanical properties of MMCs compared to the base metal.

Al 7075-MMCs reinforced with 1 wt.% of Mg and 1–4 wt.% of Al₂O₃ were fabricated by stir casting and found an augmentation in hardness and TS. 4 wt.% of Al₂O₃ exhibits an increase in 50% and 6.25% of hardness and TS, respectively. On the contrary, % elongation was decreased by 51.16% [109]. Al 7075 with 6 wt.% of Al₂O₃ exhibits an increase of 37.5% and 24.44% hardness and TS, respectively [110]. Al 7075 with 10 wt.% of SiC, Al₂O_3, and B₄C exhibits an increase of 25.52%, 16.98%, and 43.75% hardness and 45.51%, 88.71%, and 143.34% increase in TS, respectively and % elongation also significantly decreased [95]. The heat-treated (500°C) Al-MMCs with 2 wt.% of Al₂O₃ increased the hardness and TS by 61.84% and 60.71%, respectively. Al 7075 + 2% Al₂O₃ + 4% SiC (500°C) exhibits superior properties than Al 7075 and Al 7075 + 2% Al₂O₃. Mechanical properties are slightly dropped with a further increase in the heat treatment temperature. Al-MMCs with 2 wt.% of Al₂O₃ produced through squeeze casting exhibited enhanced properties than all [101].

Al-MMCs with 5 wt.% of SiC and 5 wt.% of CB exhibited a 16.36% and 19.32% rise in hardness and TS. On the other hand, the same MMCs process with FSP yields a 105.98% increase in TS and % elongation to 5.83% [111]. Al 7075 with 5 and 10 wt.% of SiC exhibited a 69.23% and 84.61% increase in hardness and TS, respectively [112]. Al 7075 with 6 wt.% of SiC exhibited a 58.33% and 77.77% increase in hardness and TS, respectively [113]. During the casting of Al-MMCs, different sizes of SiC particles were reinforced. Al-MMCs + 10 wt.% of 75 μm SiC particles exhibited better mechanical properties than other particle sizes. It increased the 22.58% and 8.25% hardness and TS, respectively [114]. Al-MMCs with 15 wt.% of SiC exhibit 10.52%, 17.64% hardness, and TS, respectively. The specimen with heat treatment significantly increases the TS (61.76%) [83].

Al-MMCs with 5 wt.% of TiC increased the hardness by 70% [115]. Al-MMCs with 7.5 wt.% TiC + 7.5 wt.% of SiC increased by 18.11% and 27.77% hardness and TS [116]. Al-MMCs with 5 wt.% of TiC with 10 hours of milling exhibit high hardness and TS [117]. Al-MMCs with 6 wt.% of BA and 5 wt.% of Gr had 100 BHN hardness and 300 MPa TS [118].

From Table 7, it was observed that Al 7075 + 15 wt.% B₄C offers 160 BHN hardness and 260 MPa UTS. Along with 12 wt.% of B₄C and 3 wt.% of CSFA, hardness increased to 169 BHN, but UTS decreased to 177 MPa. The particle size of B₄C played a significant role in hardness. The small particle size (20 μm) provides enhanced hardness values [119]. The addition of albite, cenosphere, and steel powder significantly enhances the mechanical properties of Al 7075 AMCs. When the reinforcements are added beyond a significant level, they form a cluster and significantly affect the mechanical properties [106].

Recent studies have shown that by choosing suitable reinforcement and optimizing for optimum reinforcement dispersion, the mechanical characteristics of MMCs can be further enhanced. Impressive improvements in the hardness and mechanical properties were seen. Heat-treated MMCs also improve the mechanical properties of the composites.

4.3. Tribological Properties

In this section, the authors report the key findings about the tribological properties related to different process parameters in the literature. Relative movement between two surfaces can cause the material to fall off one or both surfaces, called wear [83]. The wear process also depends on the nature of the surface, which is determined by the processing route [120]. Two solid surfaces slide over one another with load, which forms adhesive wear [121]. High-hardness materials reduce wear with high strength and toughness [122]. Many researchers have reported that increasing the wt./vol. fraction of reinforcement particles improves the wear resistance of the composites [123]. At a higher vol. fraction, the coefficient of friction is found to be higher without any applied load condition [124]. Adding reinforcement to MMCs improves the wear behavior, increasing the stiffness and specific strength, making it an ideal contender for engineering applications [125, 126].

Material wear resistance is determined by strength, hardness, ductility, toughness, reinforcing material type, wt./vol. fraction, and particle size and shape [65, 127, 128]. MMCs reinforced with higher bond strength particles and matrix support can prevent crack initiation and improve wear resistance [129, 130]. Several researchers examined the wear characteristics of Al-MMCs with various reinforcement materials. The commonly used AMCs are reinforced with hard ceramic particles (like SiC, Al₂O₃ [131]) or soft particles (such as Gr [132]). Venkataraman and Sundararajan [133] studied the sliding friction and wear characteristics of 7075 AA and SiC particle-reinforced AMCs under dry conditions. Experimental observations show a strong correlation between friction and wear in the mechanical mixed layer (MML). The oxidation mechanism was established from the microphotograph of the worn surface.

Daoud et al. [134] developed Al 7075/Al₂O₃ MMCs through compression casting technology. The presence of the reinforcement creates a fine structure in the MMC. The pressure applied during the extrusion process increases the bond strength at the interface between the matrix and the Al₂O₃, thus reducing superfluous porosity at the interface of the particles. As the vol. fraction of Al₂O₃ rises, the hardness of the composite material increases linearly. Compression casting compounds show better wear resistance than base alloys because Al₂O₃ acts as a load-carrying element during sliding.

In the same way, Michael et al. [135] considered the wear characteristics of the Al 7075/TiB₂ composites developed. TiB₂ particles do not develop intermetallic compounds and are dispersed evenly in the matrix. TiB₂ particles and matrix material bonding and wear resistance are more due to the absence of pores and inclusions. The worn surface at room temperature exhibits parallel grooves, delamination, and grooves through the worn surface. By increasing the reinforcing agent content and the wear transition temperature to 210°C, the wear resistance of the MMC is lowered. TiB₂ particles can resist metal flow and subsurface deformation at 240°C.

Baradeswaran and Perumal [136] explored the mechanical and wear behavior of Al 7075/B₄C composites developed by casting and used K₂TiF₆ as a fluxing agent to increase the wettability during the casting process. Adding reinforcing particles will increase the hardness because it will hinder the movement of dislocations. Compared with the base alloy, adding B₄C particles enhances the mechanical properties. Compared with the base alloy, the compound Al 7075 + 10% vol. of B₄C, their wear rate is reduced by 11%. The MML developed on the worn surface controls the wear characteristics, and composites reached a coefficient of friction (CoF) of 0.32.

Baydoğan et al. [137] analyzed the wear characteristics of retrogression and reaging (RRA) on Al 7075. Under dry sliding conditions, the alloy treated at 220°C shows better resistance against wear than the Al 7075 alloy. However, due to the lubricating effect, RRA with 30 g/l NaCl + 10 g/l HCl solution-treated alloys has lower wear resistance than Al 7075 T6 alloy. Dasgupta and Meenai [138] also developed Al 7075/SiC composites using stir casting and analyzed the sliding wear properties. The composites show appreciably enhanced wear properties compared to the base matrix. The RRA-treated composites exhibit better resistance against wear than T6 heat-treated composites.

Lakshmipathy and Kulendran [139] developed Al 7075/SiC and Al 6061/Al₂O₃ MMCs through stir casting and studied the wear behavior. Increasing reinforcement (SiC, Al₂O₃) improves the hardness of the composites, and 20 wt.% reinforced composites have 50 BHN (SiC) and 37 BHN (Al₂O₃). Composite impact strength decreases when increasing reinforcements. Al with 20 wt.% reinforced composites show enhanced wear properties than base matrix, in which Al 7075/SiC is better than all. The wear rate rises with the load, and the surface temperature increases with increased reinforcement.

Pradeep et al. [82] produced Al 7075/SiC/TiC hybrid MMC through the powder metallurgy route. The composite with 8% TiC and 4% SiC has a higher microhardness value of 52.12 HV than other samples. Adding SiC and TiC particles into the matrix improves the wear resistance. The Al 7075 composite with 4 wt.% SiC and 4 wt.% TiC shows a lower CoF than specimens. Liu et al. [140] examined the dry sliding wear characteristics of Al 7075/SiCp/Ti hybrid MMCs developed by squeeze casting. The addition of Ti particles does not influence the wear mechanism. These particles form microzones that develop synergistic deformation and stress release effects. This type of effect obstructs the formation of cracks beneath and the cracking of SiC particles. At low loads, incorporated Ti particles improve the wear resistance.

Similarly, Kumar and Dhiman [69] developed Al 7075/SiC/Gr hybrid MMCs by stir casting. The specific wear rate reduces with increasing the transition speed (4 m/s) and load. Transition speed increased to 6 m/s, reducing the specific wear rate by forming the tribolayer. The composite-specific wear rate decreases with an expansion in the sliding distance at low load (20–40 N) and low speed (2–4 m/s). With the rise in the sliding distance, the specific wear rate increases with increasing load and speed. The amalgamation of Gr, formation of iron oxide, work-hardening of the specimen surface, and miniature lubricant layer formation between the contact surfaces increase the wear resistance.

The wear rate of 7075 AMCs significantly increased with the load. On the other hand, by increasing the reinforcement of Al₂O₃ from 3% to 5%, the wear rate decreased from 0.3309 to 0.2467 mm³/min. Further increases in Al₂O₃ wt.% considerably increase the wear rate to 0.0467 mm³/min at 1.5 N load [141]. Al 7075 + 5 wt.% of Gr + 2 wt.% of Al₂O₃ exhibits the least wear rate of 0.0007 mm³/min for a 20 N load. Further increasing the wt.% of Al₂O₃ wear rate was considerably increased [76]. Al 7075 MMCs + 10 wt.% of Al₂O₃ + 5 wt.% of FA significantly decrease the wear rate to 0.049 mm³/min at 10 N load [142]. Al 7075 + 1 wt.% of Mg + 4 wt.% of SiC + 4 wt.% of Al₂O₃ with a 40 N load exhibits the least wear rate of 0.10 × 10⁻³ mm³/min. A reverse trend of a decrease in wear rate with an increase in load was observed [143].

A rise in wear rate with an expansion in wt.% of SiC was found [144]. It was noticed that the wear rate boosted with an expansion in sliding distance [145]. Al 7075 AMCs + 9.5 wt.% of SiC exhibit the least wear rate with a sliding distance of 1000 m [146]. An increase in wt.% of TiC (10 wt.%) reduces the wear rate from 2.15 mm³/km to 1.7 mm³/km [147]. The impact of TiC wt.% has to be further explored by increasing the wt.% to 15. Al 7075 MMCs, along with 10 wt.% FA and 6 wt.% Gr, significantly decrease the wear rate to 200 mm³/min. The wear resistance has been enhanced due to the hardness of Gr [148]. The addition of B₄C along with Gr considerably increases the wear resistance [80].

Recent studies have shown that the tribological properties of MMCs can be further enhanced by choosing the proper reinforcement, amount of reinforcement, reinforcement dispersion, and optimum tribological parameters.

5. Corrosion Properties

In this section, the authors report the key findings about the corrosion properties of MMCs as found in the literature. Yue et al. [149] examined the corrosion cracking resistance of Nd-YAG laser surface-treated Al 7075 T651 alloy prepared in air and nitrogen gas environments. Corrosion is severely attacked with intergranular cracks in the untreated specimen at the grain boundaries. In air-treated specimens, long-stress corrosion cracks and a less number of large corrosion pits are found at interdendritic boundaries. A few short-stress corrosion cracks appear on the alloy surface in the nitrogen-treated specimen. Superior corrosion resistance is achieved on the laser-melted surface due to the formation of the AlN phase, an electrical insulator. The preheated reinforcement particles with a range of 500°C produce uniformly distributed reinforced composites and reduce agglomeration when the nanoreinforcement particles’ presence does not exceed 2%.

Varma and Vasquez [150] analyzed the corrosive wear characteristics of Al 7075 MMCs reinforced with Al₂O₃ particles. Pitting corrosion can occur in both alloys and composites. Al 7075/Al₂O₃ composites show better corrosive wear than the base alloy, while solutionizing composites reveals significant grain growth. Zhou et al. [151] examined the corrosion properties of Al 7075 with thin electrolyte layers in 1 M sodium sulfate solutions and a pH of 5. The oxygen reduction current of 110 μm is more significant at −1.1 V and measured from the potentiodynamic polarization. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results reported that the corrosion rate increases when the immersion time between 0 hr and 96 hr increases, independent of the electrolyte layer.

Karunanithi et al. [152] developed an Al 7075/TiO₂ composite by powder metallurgy route and studied the corrosion behavior of 3.5 wt.% NaCl. The corrosion potential moves in the noble-gas direction, and the corrosion current density increases with the accumulation of TiO₂ particles. The current density is determined using the TAFEL curve, with a minimum for the base alloy and a maximum for 30 vol.% TiB₂ reinforced composites. The current density values for 5 and 10 vol.% TiB₂ reinforced composites are in the same range. Increasing the reinforcement particles increases the pitting damage observed by SEM analysis. Nagaswarupa et al. [153] fabricated an Al 7075/Zr composite using stir casting, and the stress corrosion studies were done using seawater. Zr is an inert material that does not involve a galvanic effect. Therefore, the composite material is less susceptible to corrosion, mass loss, and pit formation than the base alloy. Increasing the reinforcement material improves the TS and bonding strength.

El-Amoush [154] investigated the corrosion behavior of hydrogenated Al 7075 T6 alloy in a 0.5 M NaCl solution with a pH of 3.56. Increasing the precharged hydrogen time increases the pitting and severity of the attack. Pitting is lower compared to the nonhydrogenated alloy material. Huang et al. [155] studied the electrochemical behavior of Al 7075-T73 alloy and its cooled rolled components. It is reported that the anodized, cooled, and rolled Al 7075-T73 alloys show higher corrosion resistance compared to the base alloy. Microcell approaches are viable for characterizing and understanding localized corrosion in microstructurally complex alloys.

Recent studies have shown that the corrosion properties of Al 7075 MMCs can be further enhanced by choosing the suitable reinforcement, amount of reinforcement, and reinforcement dispersion.

6. Summary and Future Direction

(i)Numerous obstacles must be optimized to increase the application of MMCs, such as reinforcement vol./wt.%, reinforcement size/shape/type, operating temperature, and development method, to develop advanced materials for a wide range of structural and frictional applications(ii)According to the literature, it was found that hybrid nanocomposites offer a wide range of possible industrial uses(iii)The exact composition with different manufacturing methods will lead to the development of advanced MMCs(iv)Further studies in thermal properties and heat treatment of MMCs with different reinforcements will improve the thermal applications(v)The secondary processing methods in MMCs are the main problem(vi)Further advancements in research are required to combine MMCs easily, and specialized tool innovations are required for machining MMCs

7. Conclusions

An extensive literature study has been performed for various AMCs and different reinforcements. Based on the study, the following conclusions have arrived.(i)Developing AMCs with different reinforcement particles improves the properties of the materials required in different application areas such as aerospace, automobiles, military, and general structural applications.(ii)Most researchers use the liquid metallurgy technique for developing composite materials. This technique is cost effective, simple, and absent of size limitations, and it can be used for mass production.(iii)The review found that adding hard reinforcement particles enhances the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion properties of MMCs compared to the base alloy.(iv)The composite material’s properties increased when the reinforcement particles increased, irrespective of the manufacturing process.(v)Hybrid MMCs have better mechanical, tribological, corrosion, and thermal properties than single-reinforced composites and base alloys.(vi)In the case of hybrid MMC, adding a small amount of two or more reinforcement particles provides better properties than increasing the single reinforcement in the matrix.

Nomenclature

AMCs:	Aluminium matrix composites
Al₂O₃:	Aluminium oxide
Al-Zn:	Aluminium-zinc
BA:	Bagasse ash
B₄C:	Boron carbide
BHN:	Brinell hardness number
CB:	Carbon black
COF:	Coefficient of friction
EDAX:	Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
FA:	Fly ash
FSP:	Friction stir processing
Gr:	Graphite
MML:	Mechanical mixed layer
MMCs:	Metal matrix composites
PM:	Powder metallurgy
RRA:	Retrogression and reaging
HRB:	Rockwell hardness
SEM:	Scanning electron microscope
SiC:	Silicon carbide
TS:	Tensile strength
TiC:	Titanium carbide
TiB₂:	Titanium diboride
TiO₂:	Titanium dioxide
UTS:	Ultimate tensile strength
VHN:	Vickers hardness number
wt.%:	Weight %
Y₂O₃:	Yttrium oxide.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

References

T. Dursun and C. Soutis, “Recent developments in advanced aircraft aluminium alloys,” Materials & Design, vol. 56, pp. 862–871, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. G. E. Mangin, J. A. Isaacs, and J. P. Clark, “MMCs for automotive engine applications,” Journal of Occupational Medicine, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 49–51, 1996.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Sam, N. Radhika, V. Sidvilash, and T. Mohanraj, “Investigation on the mechanical and wear behaviour of Al-6082-BN-B4C-corn cob ash hybrid composites,” Tribology in Industry, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 294–309, 2022.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Suganeswaran, R. Parameshwaran, T. Mohanraj, and N. Radhika, “Influence of secondary phase particles Al2O3/SiC on the microstructure and tribological characteristics of AA7075-based surface hybrid composites tailored using friction stir processing,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers - Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, vol. 235, no. 1, pp. 161–178, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Kangishwar, N. Radhika, A. A. Sheik, A. Chavali, and S. Hariharan, “A comprehensive review on polymer matrix composites: material selection, fabrication, and application,” Polymer Bulletin, pp. 1–41, 2022.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. C. Campbell Jr, Manufacturing Technology for Aerospace Structural Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2011.
M. K. Kulekci, “Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 39, no. 9-10, pp. 851–865, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Jojith, N. Radhika, and M. Govindaraju, “Reciprocating wear behavioural analysis of heat-treated aluminium ZrO2/Al7Si0. 3Mg functionally graded composite through taguchi’s optimization method,” Silicon, pp. 1–18, 2022.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. R. Lampman and T. B. Zorc, Properties and Selection of Non-ferrous Alloys and Special Materials, ASM handbook, Washington, DC, USA, 1998.
S. Donaldson and D. Miracle, ASM Handbook Composites, Wyd ASM International, Washington, DC, USA, 2001.
A. Adebisi, M. Maleque, and M. Rahman, “Metal matrix composite brake rotor: historical development and product life cycle analysis,” International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 471–480, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. U. Rao, V. Vasu, M. Govindaraju, and K. S. Srinadh, “Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 7xxx aluminum alloys: a literature review,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 1447–1471, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
E. Canepa, R. Stifanese, L. Merotto, and P. Traverso, “Corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloys in deep-sea environment: a review and the KM3NeT test results,” Marine Structures, vol. 59, pp. 271–284, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Ramanathan, P. K. Krishnan, and R. Muraliraja, “A review on the production of metal matrix composites through stir casting–Furnace design, properties, challenges, and research opportunities,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 42, pp. 213–245, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
V. Chak, H. Chattopadhyay, and T. L. Dora, “A review on fabrication methods, reinforcements and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, vol. 56, pp. 1059–1074, 2020.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
V. M. Kumar and C. V. Venkatesh, “A comprehensive review on material selection, processing, characterization and applications of aluminium metal matrix composites,” Materials Research Express, vol. 6, no. 7, Article ID 072001, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Singh, H. Singh, S. Vardhan, and S. Mohan, “Mechanical study of Al 7050 and Al 7075 based metal matrix composites: a review,” Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 43, pp. 673–677, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Singh and A. Chauhan, “Characterization of hybrid aluminum matrix composites for advanced applications–A review,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 159–169, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
N. Idusuyi and J. I. Olayinka, “Dry sliding wear characteristics of aluminium metal matrix composites: a brief overview,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 3338–3346, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. V. Ramnath, C. Elanchezhian, R. M. Annamalai et al., “Aluminium metal matrix composites–a review,” Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, vol. 38, pp. 55–60, 2014.
View at: Google Scholar
J. Hashim, L. Looney, and M. S. J. Hashmi, “Metal matrix composites: production by the stir casting method,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 92–93, pp. 1–7, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Mandal, M. Chakraborty, and B. Murty, “Effect of TiB2 particles on sliding wear behaviour of Al–4Cu alloy,” Wear, vol. 262, no. 1-2, pp. 160–166, 2007.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Anasyida, A. Daud, and M. J. Ghazali, “Dry sliding wear behaviour of Al–12Si–4Mg alloy with cerium addition,” Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 365–374, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Ghosh, Engineering materials: properties and selection: by K. Budinski, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1986.
J. Hashim, L. Looney, and M. Hashmi, “Particle distribution in cast metal matrix composites—Part I,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 251–257, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. A. Girot, J. M. Quenisset, and R. Naslain, “Discontinuously-reinforced aluminum matrix composites,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 155–184, 1987.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. M. Sankhla, K. M. Patel, M. A. Makhesana et al., “Effect of mixing method and particle size on hardness and compressive strength of aluminium based metal matrix composite prepared through powder metallurgy route,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 18, pp. 282–292, 2022.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. P. Dwivedi, A. Saxena, S. Sharma et al., “Effect of ball-milling process parameters on mechanical properties of Al/Al2O3/collagen powder composite using statistical approach,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 15, pp. 2918–2932, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Ercetin and D. Y. Pimenov, “Microstructure, mechanical, and corrosion behavior of Al2O3 reinforced Mg2Zn matrix magnesium composites,” Materials, vol. 14, no. 17, 4819 pages, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
P. K. Swamy, S. Mylaraiah, M. P. Gowdru Chandrashekarappa et al., “Corrosion behaviour of high-strength Al 7005 alloy and its composites reinforced with industrial waste-based fly ash and glass fibre: comparison of stir cast and extrusion conditions,” Materials, vol. 14, 3929 pages, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Sharma, J. Singh, M. K. Gupta et al., “Investigation on mechanical, tribological and microstructural properties of Al–Mg–Si–T6/SiC/muscovite-hybrid metal-matrix composites for high strength applications,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 12, pp. 1564–1581, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
E. Salur, A. Aslan, M. Kuntoğlu, and M. Acarer, “Effect of ball milling time on the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of nano-sized Y2O3 particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites produced by powder metallurgy route,” Advanced Powder Technology, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 3826–3844, 2021.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Doğan, M. İ Özgün, H. Sübütay et al., “Dispersion mechanism-induced variations in microstructural and mechanical behavior of CNT-reinforced aluminum nanocomposites,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 22, pp. 55–17, 2022.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. R. Rosenberger, E. Forlerer, and C. E. Schvezov, “Wear behavior of AA1060 reinforced with alumina under different loads,” Wear, vol. 266, no. 1-2, pp. 356–359, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Alizadeh, M. Paydar, and F. Sharifian Jazi, “Structural evaluation and mechanical properties of nanostructured Al/B4C composite fabricated by ARB process,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 339–343, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. L. Tee, L. Lu, and M. O. Lai, “In situ processing of Al–TiB2 composite by the stir-casting technique,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 89–90, pp. 513–519, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. M. Yue, Y. X. Wu, and H. C. Man, “On the role of CuAl2 precipitates in pitting corrosion of aluminium 2009/SiCW metal matrix composite,” Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1003–1006, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Sahin and M. Acılar, “Production and properties of SiCp-reinforced aluminium alloy composites,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 709–718, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Liu, S. Lim, S. Ray, and P. Rohatgi, “Friction and wear of aluminium-graphite composites: the smearing process of graphite during sliding,” Wear, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 201–205, 1992.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Mazahery and M. O. Shabani, “Microstructural and abrasive wear properties of SiC reinforced aluminum-based composite produced by compocasting,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 1905–1914, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Kök and K. Özdin, “Wear resistance of aluminium alloy and its composites reinforced by Al2O3 particles,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 183, no. 2-3, pp. 301–309, 2007.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Z.-Y. Xiu, G.-Q. Chen, G.-H. Wu, W.-S. Yang, and Y.-M. Liu, “Effect of volume fraction on microstructure and mechanical properties of Si3N4/Al composites,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 21, pp. s285–s289, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. Akhlaghi and A. Zare-Bidaki, “Influence of graphite content on the dry sliding and oil impregnated sliding wear behavior of Al 2024–graphite composites produced by in situ powder metallurgy method,” Wear, vol. 266, no. 1-2, pp. 37–45, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Kok, “Production and mechanical properties of Al2O3 particle-reinforced 2024 aluminium alloy composites,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 161, no. 3, pp. 381–387, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. S. Srivatsan, “The low-cycle fatigue behaviour of an aluminium-alloy-ceramic-particle composite,” International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 173–182, 1992.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Basavarajappa, G. Chandramohan, S. Ramanathan, and A. Chandrasekar, Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al 2219/SiC Metal Matrix Composites, vol. 24, no. 2/1, Materials Science-Wroclaw, 2006.
H. Mindivan, E. S. Kayali, and H. Cimenoglu, “Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of SiC Particle Reinforced AA2618 Composites,” International Conference on Tribology, pp. 1–6, 2006.
View at: Google Scholar
O. Yılmaz and S. Buytoz, “Abrasive wear of Al2O3-reinforced aluminium-based MMCs,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 61, no. 16, pp. 2381–2392, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. A. Daniel, S. Murugesan, S. Sukkasamy, and S. Sukkasamy, “Dry sliding wear behaviour of aluminium 5059/SiC/MoS2 hybrid metal matrix composites,” Materials Research, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 1697–1706, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Suresh, N. Shenbaga Vinayaga Moorthi, S. Vettivel, and N. Selvakumar, “Mechanical behavior and wear prediction of stir cast Al–TiB2 composites using response surface methodology,” Materials & Design, vol. 59, pp. 383–396, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
P. Zhang, Y. Li, W. Wang, Z. Gao, and B. Wang, “The design, fabrication and properties of B4C/Al neutron absorbers,” Journal of Nuclear Materials, vol. 437, no. 1-3, pp. 350–358, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. Ramesh and A. Ahamed, “Friction and wear behaviour of cast Al 6063 based in situ metal matrix composites,” Wear, vol. 271, no. 9-10, pp. 1928–1939, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. Naveen Kumar, R. Narayanasamy, S. Natarajan, S. Kumaresh Babu, K. Sivaprasad, and S. Sivasankaran, “Dry sliding wear behaviour of AA 6351-ZrB2 in situ composite at room temperature,” Materials & Design, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 1526–1532, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
L. Ceschini, G. Minak, and A. Morri, “Tensile and fatigue properties of the AA6061/20 vol% Al2O3p and AA7005/10 vol% Al2O3p composites,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 333–342, 2006.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. S. Srivatsan, S. Anand, S. Sriram, and V. K. Vasudevan, “The high-cycle fatigue and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy 7055,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 281, no. 1-2, pp. 292–304, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. B. Michael Rajan, S. Ramabalan, I. Dinaharan, and S. J. Vijay, “Synthesis and characterization of in situ formed titanium diboride particulate reinforced AA7075 aluminum alloy cast composites,” Materials & Design, vol. 44, pp. 438–445, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Baradeswaran and A. E. Perumal, “Wear and mechanical characteristics of Al 7075/graphite composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 56, pp. 472–476, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. G. D. Río, A. Rico, M. Garrido, P. Poza, and J. Rodríguez, “Temperature and velocity transitions in dry sliding wear of Al–Li/SiC composites,” Wear, vol. 268, no. 5-6, pp. 700–707, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Jha, S. Prasad, and G. Upadhyaya, “Dry sliding wear of sintered 6061 aluminium alloy—graphite particle composites,” Tribology International, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 321–327, 1989.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Lim, M. Gupta, L. Ren, and J. Kwok, “The tribological properties of Al–Cu/SiCp metal–matrix composites fabricated using the rheocasting technique,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 89-90, pp. 591–596, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Sato and R. Mehrabian, “Aluminum matrix composites: fabrication and properties,” Metallurgical Transactions A B, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 443–451, 1976.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
F. Chen, Z. Chen, F. Mao, T. Wang, and Z. Cao, “TiB2 reinforced aluminum based in situ composites fabricated by stir casting,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 625, pp. 357–368, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Khakbiz and F. Akhlaghi, “Synthesis and structural characterization of Al–B4C nano-composite powders by mechanical alloying,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 479, no. 1-2, pp. 334–341, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. R. Kennedy and S. M. Wyatt, “The effect of processing on the mechanical properties and interfacial strength of aluminium/TiC MMCs,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 307–314, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
P. Rohatgi, B. Schultz, A. Daoud, and W. Zhang, “Tribological performance of A206 aluminum alloy containing silica sand particles,” Tribology International, vol. 43, no. 1-2, pp. 455–466, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Basavaraju, K. Arasukumar, C. Bendigeri, and C. Umesh, “Studies on mechanical properties and tribological characteristics of LM25-graphite-silicon carbide and LM25-flyash-silicon carbide-hybrid MMCs,” International Journal Of Innovative Research in Science Engineering And Technology, vol. 1, pp. 107–112, 2012.
View at: Google Scholar
M. Singh, B. Prasad, D. Mondal, and A. Jha, “Dry sliding wear behaviour of an aluminium alloy–granite particle composite,” Tribology International, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 557–567, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. K. Chaudhury, C. S. Sivaramakrishnan, and S. C. Panigrahi, “A new spray forming technique for the preparation of aluminium rutile (TiO2) ex situ particle composite,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 145, no. 3, pp. 385–390, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Kumar and S. Dhiman, “A study of sliding wear behaviors of Al-7075 alloy and Al-7075 hybrid composite by response surface methodology analysis,” Materials & Design, vol. 50, pp. 351–359, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Ahlatci, T. Kocer, E. Candan, and H. Çimenoğlu, “Wear behaviour of Al/(Al2O3p+ SiCp) hybrid composites,” Tribology International, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 213–220, 2006.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Alidokht, A. Abdollah-Zadeh, S. Soleymani, and H. Assadi, “Microstructure and tribological performance of an aluminium alloy based hybrid composite produced by friction stir processing,” Materials & Design, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2727–2733, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Mahendra and K. Radhakrishna, “Characterization of stir cast Al—Cu—(fly ash+ SiC) hybrid metal matrix composites,” Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 989–1005, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. Elango and B. Raghunath, “Tribological behavior of hybrid (LM25Al+ SiC+ TiO2) metal matrix composites,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 64, pp. 671–680, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Uthayakumar, S. Aravindan, and K. Rajkumar, “Wear performance of Al–SiC–B4C hybrid composites under dry sliding conditions,” Materials & Design, vol. 47, pp. 456–464, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. K. Alaneme, T. M. Adewale, and P. A. Olubambi, “Corrosion and wear behaviour of Al–Mg–Si alloy matrix hybrid composites reinforced with rice husk ash and silicon carbide,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Baradeswaran and A. E. Perumal, “Study on mechanical and wear properties of Al 7075/Al2O3/graphite hybrid composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 56, pp. 464–471, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. Vijaya Ramnath, C. Elanchezhian, M. Jaivignesh, S. Rajesh, C. Parswajinan, and A. Siddique Ahmed Ghias, “Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy–alumina–boron carbide metal matrix composites,” Materials & Design, vol. 58, pp. 332–338, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. Kanayo Alaneme and P. Apata Olubambi, “Corrosion and wear behaviour of rice husk ash—alumina reinforced Al–Mg–Si alloy matrix hybrid composites,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 2, pp. 188–194, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Mazaheri, M. Meratian, R. Emadi, and A. Najarian, “Comparison of microstructural and mechanical properties of Al–TiC, Al–B4C and Al–TiC–B4C composites prepared by casting techniques,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 560, pp. 278–287, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Baradeswaran, S. Vettivel, A. Elaya Perumal, N. Selvakumar, and R. Franklin Issac, “Experimental investigation on mechanical behaviour, modelling and optimization of wear parameters of B4C and graphite reinforced aluminium hybrid composites,” Materials & Design, vol. 63, pp. 620–632, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Suresh, N. Shenbaga Vinayaga Moorthi, S. Vettivel, N. Selvakumar, and G. Jinu, “Effect of graphite addition on mechanical behavior of Al6061/TiB2 hybrid composite using acoustic emission,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 612, pp. 16–27, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. S. Pradeep, R. Ganesh, and T. Senthilvelan, “On the mechanical properties of hybrid aluminium 7075 matrix composite material reinforced with SiC and TiC produced by powder metallurgy method,” Indian Journal of Materials Science, vol. 2017, Article ID 3067257, 6 pages, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Kalkanlı and S. Yılmaz, “Synthesis and characterization of aluminum alloy 7075 reinforced with silicon carbide particulates,” Materials & Design, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 775–780, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. K. Bhushan, S. Kumar, and S. Das, “Fabrication and characterization of 7075 Al alloy reinforced with SiC particulates,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 65, no. 5-8, pp. 611–624, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. B. Rao, “An experimental investigation on mechanical and wear properties of Al7075/SiCp composites: effect of SiC content and particle size,” Journal of Tribology, vol. 140, no. 3, Article ID 031601, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Ayyanar Raja, V. Manikandan, P. Amuthakkannan, S. Rajesh, and I. Balasubramanian, “Wear resistance of basalt particulate-reinforced stir-cast Al7075 metal matrix composites,” Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 119–128, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. Y. Liu, Q. Wang, Y. Z. Jia et al., “Evaluation of mechanical properties of 1060-Al reinforced with WC particles via warm accumulative roll bonding process,” Materials & Design, vol. 43, pp. 367–372, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. A. Sajjadi, H. R. Ezatpour, and M. Torabi Parizi, “Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy/Al2O3 composites fabricated by stir and compo-casting processes,” Materials & Design, vol. 34, pp. 106–111, 2012.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Zhang, Y. He, and L. Li, “Tensile deformation and fracture behavior of spray-deposition 7075/15SiCp aluminum matrix composite sheet at elevated temperatures,” Materials Characterization, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 1078–1082, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. E. Allison and G. S. Cole, “Metal-matrix composites in the automotive industry: opportunities and challenges,” Journal of Occupational Medicine, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 19–24, 1993.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. S. Al-Rubaie, H. Goldenstein, and J. D. Biasoli de Mello, “Three-body abrasion of Al–SiC composites,” Wear, vol. 225-229, pp. 163–173, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
L. R. Deaquino, E. Gutiérrez-Castañeda, I. Estrada-Guel et al., “Structural characterization of Aluminum alloy 7075-graphite composites fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion,” Materials & Design, 2013.
View at: Google Scholar
Ł Rogal, J. Dutkiewicz, H. V. Atkinson, L. Lityńska-Dobrzyńska, T. Czeppe, and M. Modigell, “Characterization of semisolid processing of aluminium alloy 7075 with Sc and Zr additions,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 580, pp. 362–373, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y.-D. Qu, R.-M. Su, J.-H. You, and R. D. Li, “Study on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of spray formed 7075 alloy,” Materials Today Communications, vol. 4, pp. 109–115, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Senthilvelan, S. Gopalakannan, S. Vishnuvarthan, and K. Keerthivaran, “Fabrication and characterization of SiC, Al2O3 and B4C reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (AA 7075) metal matrix composites: a study,” Advanced Materials Research, vol. 622-623, pp. 1295–1299, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Clark Jr, B. Coughran, I. Traina et al., “On the correlation of mechanical and physical properties of 7075-T6 Al alloy,” Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 520–526, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Reda, R. Abdel-Karim, and I. Elmahallawi, “Improvements in mechanical and stress corrosion cracking properties in Al-alloy 7075 via retrogression and reaging,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 485, no. 1-2, pp. 468–475, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. W. Kim, D. Y. Kim, W. G. Kim, and K. D. Woo, “The study on characteristics of heat treatment of the direct squeeze cast 7075 wrought Al alloy,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 304–306, pp. 721–726, 2001.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
K. B. Lee and H. Kwon, “Strength of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu matrix composite reinforced with SiC particles,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 455–465, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
W. Chen, Y. Liu, C. Yang, D. Zhu, and Y. Li, “(SiCp+Ti)/7075Al hybrid composites with high strength and large plasticity fabricated by squeeze casting,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 609, pp. 250–254, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
C. Kannan and R. Ramanujam, “Comparative study on the mechanical and microstructural characterisation of AA 7075 nano and hybrid nanocomposites produced by stir and squeeze casting,” Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 309–319, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Lu, W. Chen, P. Wang, M. Mao, Y. Liu, and Z. Fu, “Enhanced mechanical properties and thermo-physical properties of 7075Al hybrid composites reinforced by the mixture of Cr particles and SiCp,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 735, pp. 1137–1144, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Deaquino-Lara, E. Gutiérrez-Castañeda, I. Estrada-Guel et al., “Structural characterization of aluminium alloy 7075–graphite composites fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion,” Materials & Design, vol. 53, pp. 1104–1111, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. Subramaniam, B. Natarajan, B. Kaliyaperumal, and S. J. S. Chelladurai, “Investigation on mechanical properties of aluminium 7075-boron carbide-coconut shell fly ash reinforced hybrid metal matrix composites,” China Foundry, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 449–456, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Gajakosh, R. Keshavamurthy, G. Ugrasen, and H. Adarsh, “Investigation on mechanical behavior of hot rolled Al7075-TiB2 in-situ metal matrix composite,” Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 5, no. 11, Article ID 25605, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. T. Chandra, H. S. Shankar, and H. Shiva Shankar, “Effect of heat treatment on dry sand abrasive wear behavior of Al7075-Albite particulate composites,” Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 5968–5975, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. R. Kumar, P. Asha, P. Asha, and C. P. Rao, “Influence of percent filler on tensile strength, impact strength and wear properties of the Al7075-cenosphere composite,” Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 5, Article ID 11697, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Rajesh, S. Sharma, and M. C. Gowrishankar, “Influence of solutionising and aging treatments on mechanical behavior of stir-cast eutectoid steel powder reinforced Al 7075 metal matrix composites,” International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 5583–5591, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Suresh GhgaMDK, “Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Al 7075/Al2O3/Mg NMMC’s by Stir Casting Technique,” Sadhana-indian Academy of scinece, vol. 44, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. B. V. Kumar, C. S. P. Rao, N. Selvaraj, and M. S. Bhagyashekar, “Studies on Al6061-SiC and Al7075-Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Metal Matrix Composites,” Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, vol. 09, no. 01, pp. 43–55, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
P. Roy, S. Singh, and K. Pal, “Enhancement of mechanical and tribological properties of SiC-and CB-reinforced aluminium 7075 hybrid composites through friction stir processing,” Advanced Composite Materials, vol. 28, pp. 1–18, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Atrian, G. Majzoobi, S. Nourbakhsh, S. Galehdari, and R. Masoudi Nejad, “Evaluation of tensile strength of Al7075-SiC nanocomposite compacted by gas gun using spherical indentation test and neural networks,” Advanced Powder Technology, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1821–1827, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
V. Balaji, N. Sateesh, and M. M. Hussain, “Manufacture of aluminium metal matrix composite (Al7075-SiC) by stir casting technique,” Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 2, no. 4-5, pp. 3403–3408, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. B. Rao and A. G. Krishna, “Selection of optimal process parameters in WEDM while machining Al7075/SiCp metal matrix composites,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 73, no. 1-4, pp. 299–314, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Kumar and S. Chauhan, “Study on surface roughness measurement for turning of Al 7075/10/SiCp and Al 7075 hybrid composites by using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networking (ANN),” Measurement, vol. 65, pp. 166–180, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Sambathkumar, P. Navaneethakrishnan, K. Ponappa, and K. Sasikumar, “Mechanical and corrosion behavior of Al7075 (hybrid) metal matrix composites by two step stir casting process,” Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 243–255, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Azimi, A. Shokuhfar, and O. Nejadseyfi, “Mechanically alloyed Al7075–TiC nanocomposite: powder processing, consolidation and mechanical strength,” Materials & Design, vol. 66, pp. 137–141, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Imran, A. A. Khan, S. Megeri, and S. Sadik, “Study of hardness and tensile strength of Aluminium-7075 percentage varying reinforced with graphite and bagasse-ash composites,” Resource-Efficient Technologies, vol. 2, pp. 81–88, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Javdani and A. Daei-Sorkhabi, “Microstructural and mechanical behavior of blended powder semisolid formed Al7075/B4C composites under different experimental conditions,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 28, no. 7, pp. 1298–1310, 2018.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Matuszewski, T. Mikolajczyk, D. Y. Pimenov, and M. Styp-Rekowski, “Influence of structure isotropy of machined surface on the wear process,” International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 88, no. 9-12, pp. 2477–2483, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Prasad, P. Rohatgi, and T. Kosel, “Mechanisms of material removal during low stress and high stress abrasion of aluminum alloy-zircon particle composites,” Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 213–220, 1986.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
D. R. Askeland and P. Webster, The Science and Engineering of Materials, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1996.
L. Huei-Long, L. Wun-Hwa, and S. L.-I. Chan, “Abrasive wear of powder metallurgy Al alloy 6061-SiC particle composites,” Wear, vol. 159, no. 2, pp. 223–231, 1992.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Uyyuru, M. Surappa, and S. Brusethaug, “Tribological behavior of Al–Si–SiCp composites/automobile brake pad system under dry sliding conditions,” Tribology International, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 365–373, 2007.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
I. A. Ibrahim, F. A. Mohamed, and E. J. Lavernia, “Particulate reinforced metal matrix composites—a review,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1137–1156, 1991.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
I. Sinclair and P. J. Gregson, “Structural performance of discontinuous metal matrix composites,” Materials Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 709–726, 1997.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Das, “The influence of matrix microstructure and particle reinforcement on the two-body abrasive wear of an Al-Si alloy,” Journal of Materials Science Letters, vol. 16, no. 21, pp. 1757–1760, 1997.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. S. Ünlü, “Investigation of tribological and mechanical properties Al2O3–SiC reinforced Al composites manufactured by casting or P/M method,” Materials & Design, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 2002–2008, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
O. Modi, B. Prasad, A. Yegneswaran, and M. Vaidya, “Dry sliding wear behaviour of squeeze cast aluminium alloy-silicon carbide composites,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 151, no. 2, pp. 235–245, 1992.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Zhu, H. Wang, and L. Ge, “Wear properties of the composites fabricated by exothermic dispersion reaction synthesis in an Al–TiO2–B2O3 system,” Wear, vol. 264, no. 11-12, pp. 967–972, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Z. Ma, Y. Liang, Y. Lu, and J. Bi, “Effect of Matrix Strengthening on Sliding Wear Properties of SiCp/2024Al Composites”, vol. 8, no. 4, Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 1998.
J. Zhang, R. Perez, and E. Lavernia, “Effect of SiC and graphite particulates on the damping behavior of metal matrix composites,” Acta Metallurgica et Materialia, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 395–409, 1994.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
B. Venkataraman and G. Sundararajan, “Correlation between the characteristics of the mechanically mixed layer and wear behaviour of aluminium, Al-7075 alloy and Al-MMCs,” Wear, vol. 245, no. 1-2, pp. 22–38, 2000.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Daoud, M. A. El-Khair, and A. Abdel-Azim, “Effect of Al₂O₃ particles on the microstructure and sliding wear of 7075 Al alloy manufactured by squeeze casting method,” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 135–143, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. H. B. Michael, S. Ramabalan, I. Dinaharan, and S. J. Vijay, “Effect of TiB2 content and temperature on sliding wear behavior of AA7075/TiB2 in situ aluminum cast composites,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 72–79, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Baradeswaran and A. E. Perumal, “Influence of B4C on the tribological and mechanical properties of Al 7075–B4C composites,” Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 54, pp. 146–152, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
M. Baydoğan, H. Çimenoğlu, and E. Sabri Kayalı, “A study on sliding wear of a 7075 aluminum alloy,” Wear, vol. 257, no. 7-8, pp. 852–861, 2004.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Dasgupta and H. Meenai, “SiC particulate dispersed composites of an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy: property comparison with parent alloy,” Materials Characterization, vol. 54, no. 4-5, pp. 438–445, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
J. Lakshmipathy and B. Kulendran, “Reciprocating wear behavior of 7075Al/SiC in comparison with 6061Al/Al2O3 composites,” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, vol. 46, pp. 137–144, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y. Liu, Z. Zheng, C. Yang, D. Zhu, and W. Chen, “Effects of unreacted Ti particles on the dry sliding tribological behavior of squeeze-cast (SiCp+ Ti)/7075Al hybrid composites under different applied loads,” Tribology Letters, vol. 65, no. 2, p. 39, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
A. Raturi, K. Mer, and P. Kumar Pant, “Synthesis and characterization of mechanical, tribological and micro structural behaviour of Al 7075 matrix reinforced with nano Al2O3 particles,” Materials Today Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 2645–2658, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. Ram Prabhu, M. Murugan, B. P. Chiranth et al., “Effects of dual-phase reinforcement particles (fly Ash+ Al 2 O 3) on the wear and tensile properties of the AA 7075 Al alloy based composites,” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series D,, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 29–35, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Suresh, G. H. Gowd, and M. L. S. D. Kumar, “Mechanical and wear behavior of Al 7075/Al 2 O 3/SiC/mg metal matrix nanocomposite by liquid state process,” Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 530–539, 2019.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
G. Majzoobi, A. Atrian, and M. Enayati, “Tribological properties of Al7075-SiC nanocomposite prepared by hot dynamic compaction,” Composite Interfaces, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 579–593, 2015.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Rana, V. Badheka, and A. Kumar, “Fabrication of Al7075/B4C surface composite by novel Friction Stir Processing (FSP) and investigation on wear properties,” Procedia Technology, vol. 23, pp. 519–528, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. R. Prabhu, “Processing and properties evaluation of functionally continuous graded 7075 Al alloy/SiC composites,” Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 20–31, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. R. Veeravalli, R. Nallu, and S. Mohammed Moulana Mohiuddin, “Mechanical and tribological properties of AA7075–TiC metal matrix composites under heat treated (T6) and cast conditions,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 377–383, 2016.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. P. Kumarasamy, K. Vijayananth, T. Thankachan, and G. Pudhupalayam Muthukutti, “Investigations on mechanical and machinability behavior of aluminum/flyash cenosphere/Gr hybrid composites processed through compocasting,” Journal of Applied Research and Technology, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 430–441, 2017.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
T. M. Yue, L. J. Yan, and C. P. Chan, “Stress corrosion cracking behavior of Nd:YAG laser-treated aluminum alloy 7075,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 252, no. 14, pp. 5026–5034, 2006.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
S. Varma and G. Vasquez, “Corrosive Wear Behavior of 7075 Aluminum Alloy and its Composite Containing Al₂O₃ Particles,” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 99–105, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Zhou, X. Li, J. Ma, C. Dong, and Y. Huang, “Dependence of the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 7075 on the thin electrolyte layers,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 162, pp. 1–8, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
R. Karunanithi, S. Bera, and K. Ghosh, “Electrochemical behaviour of TiO2 reinforced Al 7075 composite,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 190, pp. 133–143, 2014.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
H. Nagaswarupa, H. Bheemanna, and G. Banuprakash, “Electrochemical studies of Al 7075/zircon metal matrix composites in natural sea water,” Journal of Ultra Chemistry, vol. 8, pp. 319–328, 2012.
View at: Google Scholar
A. S. El-Amoush, “Investigation of corrosion behaviour of hydrogenated 7075-T6 aluminum alloy,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 443, no. 1-2, pp. 171–177, 2007.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
Y.-S. Huang, T.-S. Shih, and J.-H. Chou, “Electrochemical behavior of anodized AA7075-T73 alloys as affected by the matrix structure,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 283, pp. 249–257, 2013.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 M. Sambathkumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation

Download other formats

Order printed copies

Views

1861

Downloads

964

Citations