Research Article

Reproductive and Obstetric Factors Are Key Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Ethiopia: Evidence from Demographic and Health Survey (2011)

Table 3

Selected obstetric characteristics of pregnant mothers and their association with anemia during pregnancy in Ethiopia, EDHS 2011.

Obstetric (RH) characteristics Anemic (#)/(%)Nonanemic (#)/(%)Crude OR (95% CI)Adjusted OR (95% CI)

(1) Pregnancy trimester
 First26 (11.3)205 (88.7)11
 Second140 (27.8)364 (72.2)3.07 (1.95, 4.84)17.05 (3.69, 78.8)
 Third106 (24)336 (76)2.51 (1.58, 4.01)17.71 (3.76, 83.27)

(2) Number of under five children
 1146 (25)439 (75)11
 286 (18.5)379 (81.5)0.68 (0.50, 0.92)0.39 (0.18, 0.84)
 339 (31.7)84 (68.3)1.40 (0.92, 2.14)2.10 (0.52, 8.48)

(3) Ever had terminated pregnancy
 No 224 (22.6)767 (77.4)11
 Yes47 (25.5)137 (74.5)1.17 (0.81, 1.68)2.63 (1.17, 5.92)

(4) Pregnancy intention
 Wanted (then or later)231 (22.7)786 (77.3)11
 Unwanted39 (26.5)108 (73.5)1.24 (0.84, 1.84)2.39 (0.98, 5.86)

(5) Practice of breast feeding
 Ever breastfeeding233 (23.1)744 (76.9)11
 Never breastfeeding13 (26)37 (74)1.15 (0.6, 2.22)7.64 (2.28, 25.65)
 Continued breastfeeding25 (21.9)89 (78.1)0.92 (0.57, 1.47)4.05 (1.61, 10.91)

(6) Timing of first ANC visit
 Timely (<4 months)28 (20)112 (80)11
 Delayed (4-5 months)31 (24.8)94 (75.2)1.29 (0.72, 2.36)0.85 (0.42, 1.69)
 Delayed much (4–9 months)13 (37.1)22 (62.9)2.26 (1.01, 5.05)2.29 (0.82, 6.38)

(7) Number of ANC visits
 No (0) visits130 (23.3)429 (76.7)11
 Low (1-2) visits22 (31.4)48 (68.6)1.53 (0.89, 2.62)1.09 (0.50, 2.36)
 Adequate (3-4) visits34 (26.4)95 (73.6)1.18 (0.76, 1.83)0.49 (0.19, 0.98)
 Frequent (4+) visits16 (16.3)82 (83.7)0.64 (0.36, 1.13)0.36 (0.08, 0.64)

Total271 (23)904 (77)

Significant at value < 0.05, OR: odds ratio.