Prevalence, Severity, and Determinant Factors of Anemia among Pregnant Women in South Sudanese Refugees, Pugnido, Western Ethiopia
Table 1
Sociodemographic, obstetric, nutrition, and clinical characteristics of refugee pregnant women attending ANC clinic at Pugnido ARRA Health Center, Gambela, western Ethiopia, April 15–June 30/2015.
Variables
Freq. (%)
Age in years
16–20
107 (29.7)
21–25
90 (25.0)
26–30
90 (25.0)
31–35
41 (11.4)
≥36
32 (8.9)
Ethnicity
Agnuwa
130 (36.1)
Nuer
230 (63.9)
Occupation
Students
85 (23.6)
Housewife
133 (36.9)
Employed
29 (8.1)
No specified job
113 (31.4)
Income availability
Yes
73 (20.3)
No
287 (79.7)
Educational status
Illiterate
113 (31.4)
Literate
247 (68.6)
Marital status
Married
288 (80.0)
Unmarried
32 (20.0)
Duration of stay in refugee camp
<18 months
148 (41.1)
≥18 months
212 (58.9)
Trimester
First
34 (9.5)
Second
165 (45.8)
Third
161 (44.7)
Gravidity
Primigravidae
78 (21.7)
Multigravidae
282 (78.3)
Parity
Nulliparous
91 (25.3)
Primiparae
31 (8.6)
Multipara
238 (66.1)
Birth interval in months
≤24
115 (48.3)
>24
123 (51.7)
Blood loss
Yes
51 (14.2)
No
309 (85.8)
Prolonged menstruation†
Yes
41 (11.4)
No
319 (88.6)
History of abortion
Yes
64 (22.7)
No
218 (77.3)
Freq. of meat eating per week
At most once
192 (53.3)
More than once
168 (46.7)
Freq. of vegetable eating per week
At most once
141 (39.2)
More than once
219 (60.8)
Freq. of fruit eating per week
At most once
234 (65.0)
More than once
126 (35.0)
Staple food
Fish
44 (12.2)
Porridge
249 (69.2)
Injera
60 (16.7)
Other††
7 (1.9)
Freq. of drinking tea immediately after meal per day
At least once
122 (33.9)
Less than once
238 (66.1)
Freq. of drinking coffee immediately after meal per day
At least once
95 (26.4)
Less than once
265 (73.6)
MUAC
<21 cm
68 (18.9)
≥21 cm
292 (81.1)
Number of ANC visits for current pregnancy
1
276 (76.7)
≥2
84 (23.3)
Taken iron/folate supplement†††
Yes
69 (19.2)
No
291 (80.8)
Place of previous delivery
Health institution
123 (45.7)
Home
146 (54.3)
ANC follow-up in previous pregnancy
Yes
119 (44.2)
No
150 (55.8)
History of malaria infection
Yes
215 (59.7)
No
145 (40.3)
Positive for current malaria infection
Yes
57 (15.8)
No
303 (84.2)
Positive for intestinal parasite infestation
Yes
95 (26.4)
No
265 (73.6)
source of personal income other than aid or donation; , divorced, and widowed; (hemorrhage) during index pregnancy; of prolonged menstruating for longer than 7 days; Freq.: frequency; using bread and packed food as their staple food; iron/folate supplement during the index pregnancy; MUAC: mid-upper arm circumference; ANC: antenatal care.
