Anaemia in Pregnancy: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in Northern Tanzania

Table 2

Sociodemographic, nutrition, and reproductive characteristics factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy .

Variable		Anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dl); (%)	Unadjusted; OR (95% CI)	value
Name of clinic enrolled
Majengo HC	235	29 (12.3)	1
Pasua HC	294	66 (22.4)	2.1 (1.28–3.31)	0.003
Age (years)
14–24	259	48 (18.5)	1
25–34	224	43 (19.2)	1.04 (0.66–1.65)	0.852
35–49	46	4 (8.7)	0.42 (0.14–1.22)	0.112
Level of education
None	12	5 (41.7)	1
Primary	320	61 (19.1)	0.33 (0.10–1.07)	0.660
Secondary or higher	197	29 (14.7)	0.24 (0.07–0.81)	0.022
Marital
Married/cohabiting	472	84 (17.8)	1
Single/widow/divorced	56	10 (17.9)	1.0 (0.5–2.1)	0.991
Income category for
<60,000 Tsh	355	65 (18.3)	1
60,000–200,000 Tsh	143	23 (16.1)	0.7 (0.5–1.4)	0.556
>200,001 Tsh	25	5 (20.0)	1.1 (0.4–3.1)	0.833
Gravida
1st pregnancy	187	34 (18.2)	1
2nd pregnancy	169	33 (19.5)	1.2 (0.7–2.0)	0.600
≥3rd pregnancy	173	28 (16.2)	1.3 (0.7–2.2)	0.435
Interpregnancy interval
<24 months	32	8 (25.0)	1
≥24 months	269	49 (18.2)	0.7 (0.3–1.6)	0.357
Have received iron supplementation at current pregnancy
No	44	13 (29.5)	1
Yes	312	63 (20.2)	0.6 (0.3–1.2)	0.160
HIV status at current pregnancy
Negative	496	90 (18.1)	1
Positive	32	5 (15.6)	0.8 (0.3–2.2)	0.719
Number of meals taken per day
1 meal per day	7	3 (42.9)	1
2 meals per day	29	3 (10.3)	0.2 (0.2–1.0)	0.550
3+ meals per day	315	68 (21.6)	0.4 (0.10–1.7)	0.197
History of food insecurity within past 12 months
No	342	74 (21.6)	1
Yes	13	2 (15.4)	0.7 (0.1–3.0)	0.592
Pica habits
No	135	29 (21.5)	1
Yes	221	47 (21.3)	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	0.962

Variables with missing information.