Determinants of Anemia among HIV-Positive Children on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Attending Hospitals of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2019: A Case-Control Study

Table 2

Description of exposure variable with their anemia status.

Exposure variable	Responses	Anemia status
		Anemic count (%)	Nonanemic count (%)
Intestinal parasite	Negative	101 (28.9)	79 (22.6)
	G. lamblia	15 (4.3)	145 (41.4)
	E. histolytica	1 (0.3)	9 (2.6)
	A. lumbricoides	7 (1.2)	9 (1.6)
	Others	6 (1.1)	8 (1.5)
WGT-AGE Z score	−1_−2	44 (12.6)	166 (47.4)
	−2_−3	22 (6.3)	31 (8.9)
	<−3	51 (14.6)	36 (10.3)
Hx of oropharyngeal disease	Yes	37 (10.6)	46 (13.1)
	No	80 (22.9)	187 (53.4)
Hx of opportunistic infections	Yes	86 (24.6)	114 (32.6)
	No	31 (8.9)	119 (34.0)
Hx of chronic diarrhea	Yes	51 (14.6)	40 (11.4)
	No	66 (18.9)	193 (55.1)
Hx of missing follow-up	Yes	56 (16.0)	67 (19.1)
	No	61 (17.4)	166 (47.4)
HAART_duration	≤5 years	80 (22.9)	177 (50.6)
	>5 years	37 (10.6)	56 (16.0)
Level of adherence to HAART	Good	42 (12.0)	162 (46.3)
	Fair	59 (16.9)	66 (18.9)
	Poor	16 (4.6)	5 (1.4)
On cotrimoxazole	Yes	64 (18.3)	106 (30.3)
	No	53 (15.1)	127 (36.3)
Viral load	<1000	51 (14.6)	67 (19.1)
	>1000	66 (18.9)	166 (47.4)
Malaria history	Yes	58 (16.6)	31 (8.9)
	No	59 (16.9)	202 (57.7)
Highest WHO staging	Stage 4	21 (6.0)	33 (9.4)
	Stage 3	51 (14.6)	108 (30.9)
	Stage 2	32 (9.1)	67 (19.1)
	Stage 1	13 (3.7)	25 (7.1)
Household food security	Not secured	23 (6.6)	33 (9.4)
	Secured	94 (26.9)	200 (57.2)
Food diversity	Nondiversified	99 (28.3)	87 (24.9)
	Diversified	18 (5.1)	146 (41.7)
Feeding frequency	Not adequate	49 (14.0)	44 (12.6)
	Adequate	68 (19.4)	189 (54.0)
Counselling on child feeding	Yes	76 (21.7)	175 (50.0)
	No	41 (11.7)	58 (16.6)