Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Occurrence of Anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Kulito Health Center, Halaba Zone, South Ethiopia, 2018
Table 3
Anemia and other related factors among study participants in Kulito Health Center, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2018 (n = 236).
Variables
Hemoglobin status
Total n (%)
Anemic n (%)
Normal n (%)
Age (years)
16–24
25 (31.3)
55 (68.8)
80 (33.9)
24–32
22 (20.2)
87 (79.8)
109 (46.2)
32–42
18 (38.3)
29 (61.7)
47 (19.9)
Occupation
Employed
19 (19.2)
80 (80.8)
99 (42)
Unemployed
46 (33.6)
91 (66.4)
137 (58)
Educational status
Primary and above
38 (24)
120 (76)
158 (67)
Illiterate
27 (34.6)
51 (65.4)
78 (33)
Family income
≥2000 birr
18 (20.7)
69 (78.3)
87 (36.85)
<2000 birr
47 (31.5)
102 (68.5)
149 (63.15)
Family size (people)
4 and less
34 (23.9)
108 (76.1)
142 (60.2)
5 and above
31 (33)
63 (67)
94 (39.8)
Residency
Urban
28 (20)
112 (80)
140 (59.3)
Rural
37 (38.5)
59 (61.5)
96 (40.7)
Hand wash after toilet
Yes
50 (24.9)
151 (75.1)
201 (85.2)
No
15 (42.9)
20 (57.1)
35 (14.8)
Gravidity
3 and less
38 (23.45)
124 (75.55)
162 (68.65)
≥4
27 (36.5)
47 (63.5)
74 (31.35)
Gestational age
1st trimester
4 (10.3)
35 (89.7)
39 (16.5)
2nd trimester
21 (30)
49 (70)
70 (29.7)
3rd trimester
40 (31.5)
87 (68.5)
127 (53.8)
IPG (years)
≥2
23 (22.1)
81 (77.9)
104 (68)
<2
20 (40.8)
29 (59.2)
49 (32)
Taking iron foliate
Yes
15 (22.1)
53 (77.9)
68 (28.8)
No
50 (29.8)
118 (70.2)
168 (71.2)
Frequency of meal per day
≥4
26 (25.7)
75 (74.3)
101 (42.8)
≤3 time
39 (28.9)
96 (71.1)
135 (57.2)
Taking meat at least once a month
Yes
20 (18)
91 (82)
111 (47)
No
45 (36)
80 (64)
125 (53)
Taking egg at least once a month
Yes
27 (23.7)
87 (76.3)
114 (48.3)
No
38 (31.1)
84 (68.9)
122 (51.7)
Taking milk at least once a month
Yes
34 (28.8)
84 (71.2)
118 (50)
No
33 (28)
85 (72)
118 (50)
MUAC in cm
≥21
42 (21.9)
150 (78.1)
192 (81.35)
<21
23 (52.3)
21 (47.7)
44 (18.65)
IP infection
No
45 (24.1)
142 (75.9)
187 (79.24)
Yes
20 (40.8)
29 (59.2)
49 (20.76)
MUAC: mid-upper arm circumference, IP: intestinal parasite, and IPG: interpregnancy gap.
