Microcytic and Malarial Anaemia Prevalence in Urban Children ≤15 Years in the Mount Cameroon Area: A Cross-Sectional Study on Risk Factors

Table 5

Multinomial regression analysis examining sociodemographic, clinical, hygiene, and dietary factors associated with anaemia, microcytic anaemia, and malarial anaemia.

Parameter	Category	Anaemia		Microcytic anaemia		Malarial anaemia
		AOR (95% CI)	value	AOR (95% CI)	value	AOR (95% CI)	value
Sociodemographic factors
Gender	Male	1.0 (0.6-1.6)	0.904	1.2 (0.7–2.0)	0.417	0.7 (0.4–1.4)	0.355
	Female	Reference		Reference		Reference
Age	1–5	0.9(0.5–1.6)	0.685	2.4 (1.3–4.6)	0.007	1.9 (0.8–4.5	0.163
	6–10	1.1 (0.5–2.1)	0.852	2.0 (1.0–3.9)	0.060	3.3 (1.4–8.1)	0.008
	11–15	Reference		Reference		Ref
Altitude	Lowland	4.0 (1.3–12.4)	0.017	1.7 (0.5–6.1)	0.401	3.3 (0.8–13.6)	0.096
	Highland	Reference		Reference	—	Reference	—
Presentation	Hospital	1.5 (0.5–4.4)	0.515	0.4 (0.1–1.4)	0.133	2.8 (0.7–11.5)	0.147
	Community	Reference	—	Reference	—	Reference	—
Family size	>10	0.2 (0.1–0.7)	0.017	1.2 (0.4–4.7)	0.748	1.0 (0.3–4.1)	0.979
	6–10	1.1 (0.6–1.8)	0.828	1.1(0.6–1.8)	0.833	0.8 (0.4–1.5)	0.446
	1–5	Reference		Reference	—	Reference	—
Parents’ age	≤25	1.0 (0.3–3.7)	0.991	0.5 (0.1–2.4)	0.349	0.8 (0.1–7.1)	0.826
	26–35	1.8 (0.9–4.0)	0.117	1.7 (0.8–3.7)	0.163	2.6 (1.0–6.6)	0.049
	36–50	1.2 (0.6–2.2)	0.645	1.8 (0.9–3.8)	0.105	1.4 (0.6–3.4)	0.481
	>50	Reference	—	Reference	—	Reference	—
Education level	No formal	1.9 (0.6–5.7)	0.261	0.6 (0.2–1.8)	0.388	0.2 (0.1–0.6)	0.005
	Primary	1.5 (0.5–4.4)	0.506	0.5 (0.2–1.5)	0.215	0.2 (0.1–0.6)	0.003
	Secondary	1.1 (0.3–3.4)	0.902	0.5 (0.2–1.8)	0.303	0.3 (0.1–0.9)	0.030
	Tertiary	Reference	—	Reference	—	Reference	—
Ethnicity	Coastal	1.4 (0.4–5.5)	0.645	1.4 (0.4–4.3)	0.599	0.6 (0.3–1.3)	0.194
	Grassland	2.2 (0.6–8.5)	0.265	0.8 (0.3–2.5)	0.701	0.8 (0.3–1.7)	0.493
	Forest	—	—	15.7 (1.6–155.4)	0.019	1.1 (0.1–10.3)	0.961
	Sahel	4.3 (0.4–41.7)	0.210	0.1 (0.0–1.5)	0.098		—
	Others	Reference	—	Reference		Reference	—
Occupation	Farming	2.2 (1.0–4.5)	0.042	2.5 (1.1–5.9)	0.038	2.0 (0.7—6.2)	0.225
	Civil servant	1.1 (0.5–2.5)	0.735	0.9 (0.3–2.3)	0.762	1.5 (0.4–4.9)	0.543
	Petty trading	0.9 (0.4–2.1)	0.885	1.3 (0.5–3.5)	0.573	2.1 (0.6–56.9)	0.242
	Private worker	2.7 (1.2–6.0)	0.013	2.2 (0.9–5.3)	0.087	1.7 (0.5–5.5)	0.373
	Fishing	5.5 (2.3–12.7)	<0.001	0.3 (0.0–1.5)	<0.001	2.8 (0.9—8.7)	0.073
	Jobless	1.5 (0.7–3.4)	0.313	3.4 (1.4–8.3)	0.009	3.8 (1.2–12.1)	0.023
	Retired	Reference	—	Reference		Reference	—
Clinical factors
Malnutrition	Yes	1.2 (0.1–31.4)	0.903	0.2 (0.0–2.3)	0.196	1.2 (0.0–31.4)	0.903
	No	Reference		Reference		Reference
Stunting	Yes	0.4 (0.0–12.5)	0.621	7.9 (0.7–84.2)	0.088	0.4 (0.0–12.5)	0.621
	No	Reference		Reference		Reference	—
Underweight	Yes	0.7 (0.0–12.2)	0.831	2.3(0.6–9.5)	0.245	0.7 (0.0–12.2)	0.831
	No	Reference		Reference	—	Reference	—
Wasting	Yes	—	—	1.4 (0.1–12.2)	0.912	—	—
	No	Reference		Reference	—	Reference	—
Parasitaemia	High	0.3 (0.1–1.8)	0.183	0.1 (0.0–1.2)	0.071	0.1 (0.0–1.9)	0.129
	Moderate	0.2 (0.0–1.3)	0.086	2.6 (1.0–6.6)	0.048	0.9 (0.2–3.9)	0.932
	Low	Ref		Reference		Ref
Inflammation	Yes	1.1 (0.3–4.3)	0.937	2.0(0.9–4.4)	0.084	1.1 (0.3–4.3)	0.937
	No	Ref		Ref		Ref
Dietary factors
Weekly fruit consumption	1-2	1.4 (0.8–2.4)	0.240	1.0 (0.6–1.7)	0.995	0.9 (0.5–1.9)	0.861
	3-4	0.4 (0.2–0.8)	0.015	1.1 (0.6–2.2)	0.783	0.7 (0.3–1.8)	0.471
	>4	Reference		Reference	—	Reference	—
Weakly meat consumption	1-2	1.2 (0.7–2.1)	0.430	1.1 (0.7–1.9)	0.661	1.3 (0.7–2.6)	0.436
	3-4	2.5 (1.1–5.6)	0.026	1.8 (0.9–3.6)	0.077	1.6 (0.7–3.8)	0.346
	>4	Reference		Reference	—	Reference	—
Weekly Plantain consumption	1-2	0.7 (0.4–1.2)	0.174	0.7 (0.2–1.2)	0.158	2.2 (1.0–4.8)	0.052
	3-4	2.5 (1.1–5.6)	0.034	0.5 (0.2–1.0)	0.057	2.9 (1.2–7.3)	0.024
	>4	Reference	—	Reference	—	Reference

values in bold are statistically significant.