|
| Study | Initial weight | Diets | Duration | Main krill effects |
|
| Julshamn, Malde, Bjorvatn, & Krogedal, [25] | 410 g Atlantic salmon | 0, 10, 20, and 30% KM | 84 days | High tolerance to dietary fluoride with 350 mg/kg diet KM |
|
| Ringø et al. [93] | 105 g Atlantic salmon | 58.9% FM
32% FM+32% KM | 46 days | ↑ Aerobic and facultative aerobic bacteria colonizing the hindgut
Dietary KM affected the adherent hindgut microbiota |
|
| Moren et al. [106] | 412 g Atlantic salmon | 0, 28.1, 30.3, and 34.8%KM | 100 days | ↑ Specific growth rate
↑ Copper |
|
| Olsen et al. [26] | 500 g Atlantic salmon | 0% KM+60% FM
13.5% KM+48% FM
27% KM+36% FM
40% KM+24% FM
54% KM+12% FM
68% KM+0% FM | 140 days | ↑ Growth performance
↑ Feed conversion rate |
|
| Yoshitomi, Aoki, Oshima, & Hata, [16] | 5.5 g rainbow trout | 0% KM
7% KM
15% KM
30% KM | 92 days | 30% KM:
↓ Growth
↓ Feed intake
↓ Specific growth rate |
|
| Suontama, Kiessling, Melle, Waagbø, & Olsen, [27] | 412 g Atlantic salmon | FM
Northern krill (15, 30, and 46%)
Antarctic krill (28%)
Amphipod (35%) | 160 days | ↑ Specific growth rate |
|
| Yoshitomi, Aoki, Oshima, & Hata, [16] | 5.5 g rainbow trout | 0, 4.5, 8.9, and 17.9% KM | 92 days | Krill protein had a nutritional value equivalent to fish protein |
|
| Hansen et al. [24] | 550 g Atlantic salmon | High-quality FM
Partially deshelled KM (75.2%)
Whole KM (68.9%) | 100 days | Whole KM:
↓ Growth
↓ Trypsin activity in the pyloric and mid intestine
↓ Bile acid concentration in the pylorus |
|
| Hansen et al. [30] | 546 g Atlantic salmon | 0, 12.3, 25.7, 38.3, and 59.8% of partially deshelled KM | 100 days | ↑ Growth performance
↑ Lipid digestibility
↑ Fluoride in faeces
↓ Plasma cholesterol
↓ Body weight |
|
| Roncarati et al. [21] | 453 g rainbow trout | Control
KM (60%) | 60 days | ↑ Body weight and size
↓ Perivisceral fat
↓ Visceral weight indices
↑ Omega-3 fatty acids in fillet |
|
| Zhang et al. [10] | 61 g rainbow trout | FM
Pea protein conc.
Potato protein conc.
Canola protein conc.
Soy protein conc.
All diets supplemented with 5% krill products (3.5% KM and 1.5% krill water solubles) | 72 days | Rainbow trout could utilize diets with >95% of the protein from plant protein conc. supplemented with essential amino acids, KM, and the water-soluble fraction of krill as feed attractant, without lowered feed intake or growth |
|
| Kousoulaki et al. [10] | 132 g Atlantic salmon | Medium FM
Low FM
Low krill hydrolysate (1.9%)
High krill hydrolysate (3.8%)
Choline chloride
Free amino acid | 42 days | ↑ Feed intake
↑ Growth performance
↑ Appetite-stimulating effects |
|
| De Santis, Taylor, Martinez-Rubio, Boltana, & Tocher, [44] | Fry and parr Atlantic salmon | Krill oil or soybean lecithin supplying phospholipid at 2.6, 3.2, 3.6, and 4.2% of diet | Until 10 g of weight | ↑ Growth performance
No steatosis in the intestine |
|
| Hatlen et al. [28] | 104 g and 5527 g Atlantic salmon | 0% KM+30% FM
10% KM+20% FM
0% KM+52% FM
7.5% KM+46% FM
15% KM+40% FM | 42 and 91 days | ↑ Growth performance
↑ Feed intake
↓ Fat content |
|
| Kousoulaki et al. 2018 | 130.3 g Atlantic salmon | Arg
Arg+Ala+Pro+Leu+Phe
Arg+Ala+Pro+Leu+Phe+nu
Arg+Ala+Pro+Leu+Phe+nu+rest FAA as in krill hydrolysate | 83 days | ↑ Feed intake
↑ Growth performance
↓ Liver lipid levels
↑ Appetite-regulating neuropeptide |
|
| Wei et al. [15] | 102 g rainbow trout | 51% FM
KM (8.5, 17.1, 34.2, and57%) | 56 days | ↑ Growth and performance
↑ Muscle pigmentation |
|
| Jalili et al. [108] | Fry Atlantic salmon | 25% FM
17.6% FM+7.4% KM
26% FM+23% soya
26% FM+0.03 bactocell
26% FM+0.05% sodium butyrate | 84 days | Altered gene expression profile of immune genes in head kidney |
|
| Mørkøre et al. [52] | 2.3 kg Atlantic salmon | 15% FM+12% FO
12% KM+5% FM+8% FO | 84 days | ↑ Fillet yield
↓ Gaping
↑ Condition factor
↑ Pigmentation
↑ Firmness of the muscle
↑ Liver coloration score
↓ Fat deposition around the heart
↑ Improved gut health
↑ Compact collagen structure |
|
