Effects of Dietary Bitter Melon Extract on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Inflammatory Cytokines Expression, and Intestinal Microbiota in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Figure 3

Composition and relative abundance of intestinal microbial communities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed with different diets. (a), (c), and (d) The composition and relative abundance of bacterial communities at phylum, family, and genus level, and the relative abundance less than 0.01% was classified as others. (b) Ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, different letters in each column indicate significant differences ().

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