Kegel exercises: individual training; totally 12 sessions, twice-weekly session of 40 minutes each. Each session 100 contractions held for 3 seconds with 6 seconds of rest; carried out in the supine, sitting, and standing positions. Control: no treatment
No
6 weeks
(i) UI symptoms by KHO (ii) 1-hour pad test (iii) Pelvic floor muscle pressure
Kegel exercises: 10 repetitions of 5-second contractions with 5 seconds of recovery time; 20 repetitions of 1-second contractions and recovery; 5 repetitions of 10-second contractions and recovery; all the sessions were held in groups for 45 minutes. Control: no treatment
11 (18.0)
6 months
(i) UI episode for 7 days (ii) Standardized bladder volume on pad test
Kegel exercises: 1-hour demonstration program; 3 sets of fast contractions and 3-4 sets of slow contractions daily lying, sitting, and standing positions. Control: usual care
Kegel exercises: physiotherapist trained; twice a week, for 45 minutes; 10 repetitions of 5-second held contractions with 5 seconds of recovery; 20 repetitions of 1-second contractions and recovery; 5 repetitions of 10 seconds of contractions and recovery followed by 5 repetitions of strong contractions together with a cough, with one-minute intervals between each set. Control: usual care (unsupervised)
Kegel exercises: physical therapist group training; 3 times a day at home, 8–12 high intensity contractions, with holding periods of 6–8 seconds in lying, standing, kneeling, and sitting positions and also additional training in groups once a week for 45 minutes Control: no contact during intervention
6 (9.8)
6 months
(i) Subjective assessment of improvement in SUI (ii) UI episode for 7 days (iii) Standardized bladder volume on pad test (iv) Pelvic floor muscle pressure
Kegel exercises: 12-minute video tape; 4 sets of 20 (10 quick and 10 sustained) and increased by 10 per set over 4 weeks until daily maximum 200 exercises Control: no treatment
Kegel exercises: general practitioner researcher taught; squeeze pelvic muscle for 6 seconds, performed 5–10 sessions of 10 pelvic muscle contractions each day. Control: no treatment
No
3 months
(i) Subjective assessment of improvement in SUI (ii) UI episode for 7 days