Quantification of Patient and Equipment Handling for Nurses through Direct Observation and Subjective Perceptions

Table 4

Body region discomfort (average and standard deviation) at the end of the shift for nurses in each of the ICU units and overall.

Unit	Neck	Shoulder	Elbow	Hand and wrist	Upper back	Low back	Hip	Knee	Lower leg and foot
Medical (MICU)	2.7 (5.7)	1.3 (2.7)	0.7 (1.6)	0.4 (1.2)	2.1 (4.7)	3.4 (7.2)	0.4 (1.2)	2.1 (4.4)	4.9 (9.7)
Neurosurgical (NSICU)	3.0 (4.4)	2.0 (1.7)	0.7 (1.2)	0.7 (1.2)	5.0 (1.7)	7.3 (2.1)	3.7 (4.0)	3.3 (3.5)	3.0 (4.4)
Surgical (SICU)	1.3 (1.3)	1.3 (2.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.4)	1.3 (2.4)	3.1 (2.5)	1.4 (2.7)	1.3 (1.7)	1.6 (2.3)
Total ()	1.9 (2.4)	1.2 (1.6)	0.4 (0.8)	0.3 (0.8)	2.0 (2.6)	3.4 (3.2)	1.2 (2.4)	1.7 (2.0)	2.7 (3.1)