Research Article

Outlier-Resistant 𝐿 𝟏 Orthogonal Regression via the Reformulation-Linearization Technique

Table 1

Mean (standard deviation) of 𝐷 for 𝐿 1 OR, 𝐿 2 OR, ppOR-mad, ppOR-qn, 𝜏 -OGK, and PCA- 𝐿 1 with contamination magnitudes 𝑚 = 1 , 1010, and 5050 and contamination levels 𝐶 = 0 , 10, and 25.

Method 𝑚 = 1 𝑚 = 1 0 𝑚 = 5 0

𝐶 = 0 𝐿 1 OR 0.00997 (0.00540)
𝐿 2 OR 0.01818 (0.01459)
ppOR-mad 0.13624 (0.09616)
ppOR-qn 0.08398 (0.07724)
𝜏 -OGK 0.01870 (0.01486)
PCA- 𝐿 1 0.02081 (0.01388)

𝐶 = 1 0 𝐿 1 OR 0.00934 (0.00583) 0.08496 (0.01798) 0.31339 (0.05527)
𝐿 2 OR 0.03070 (0.01578) 0.32365 (0.10149) 3.54666 (0.99552)
ppOR-mad 0.13714 (0.12535) 0.11584 (0.10239) 0.08906 (0.07094)
ppOR-qn 0.07475 (0.06369) 0.14938 (0.08210) 0.05840 (0.04831)
𝜏 -OGK 0.03018 (0.01696) 0.18032 (0.03857) 0.20396 (0.03736)
PCA- 𝐿 1 0.02608 (0.01667) 0.17335 (0.04240) 0.76836 (0.16126)

𝐶 = 2 5 𝐿 1 OR 0.01190 (0.00573) 0.16172 (0.02743) 0.58962 (0.06106)
𝐿 2 OR 0.04505 (0.01420) 0.62263 (0.12630) 6.26558 (1.35709)
ppOR-mad 0.12443 (0.10311) 0.25518 (0.24805) 0.31136 (0.28315)
ppOR-qn 0.08947 (0.08796) 0.59031 (0.18792) 0.24970 (0.12092)
𝜏 -OGK 0.03865 (0.01879) 0.45040 (0.09105) 0.54522 (0.08887)
PCA- 𝐿 1 0.03940 (0.01382) 0.35664 (0.06198) 1.87768 (0.31515)