Integration between Transport Models and Cost-Benefit Analysis to Support Decision-Making Practices: Two Applications in Northern Italy

Table 1

Policy actions in a mobility plan and type of effect.

Action/policy	Costs	Benefits	Investment costs are dominant versus other costs?
New infrastructure (public transport, roads capacity)	PU, T	pr, C, t	Yes
New/modified services on existing infrastructure	PU, t	pr, d, t	No
Innovative mobility (sharing, pooling, etc.)		pr, d, t	No
Bicycle lanes, bike parking, bike sharing	PU, T	pr, d, t	Yes/No
ITS, traffic management	PU, t	pr, d, t	No
Restrictive policies, car-free zones, traffic calming	pr, d, t	d, t	No
Park and road pricing	pr, d, t	PU, pr, d, t	No
Public transport fares	PU/pr, d, t	Pr/PU, d, t	No

PU: public bodies; pr: private users; C: concentrated in space or limited to groups; d: diffused in space or spread among many users; T: punctual in time, lump sum; t: continuous in time.