Different treatments for IVD degeneration are illustrated. (a) Injecting a viral vector into the IVD causes expression of the coded protein by the transformed disc cells. (b) Cells from the NP are harvested and then can be cultivated, genetically modified, or seeded into a scaffold before being transplanted into the IVD. (c) Bone MSCs are harvested and injected into the IVD as MSCs or as differentiated cells.
