Advances in Orthopedics

Clinical Study

Early Postoperative Results after Removal of Cranially Migrated Lumbar Disc Prolapse: Retrospective Comparison of Three Different Surgical Strategies

Table 3

Clinical scores at different time points.
Clinical scoreTime pointGroup A (interlaminar approach) 
Group B (translaminar approach) 
Group C (endoscopic transforaminal approach) 
Level of significance
VAS back pain
MED
(MIN–MAX; SD)		Before surgery9 (6–10; 0.94)8 (7–10; 0.74)8.5 (7–10; 0.69)0.905; KWT
At discharge4 (2–5; 0.94)3 (1–5; 0.91)4 (3–6; 0.99)<0.001; KWT
Six weeks after surgery2 (1–4; 0.72)1.5 (1–4; 0.73)3 (1–5; 0.93)<0.001; KWT
  <0.001; FT<0.001; FT<0.001; FT 
VAS leg pain
MED
(MIN–MAX; SD)		Before surgery7 (4–9; 1.5)7 (5–9; 1.14) 7.5 (6–9; 1)0.130; KWT
At discharge3 (2–5; 0.75)3 (2–4; 0.73)3.5 (2–5; 0.89)0.021; KWT
Six weeks after surgery2 (1–3; 0.7)2 (1–3; 0.73)2 (1–3; 0.64)0.190; KWT
  <0.001; FT<0.001; FT<0.001; FT 
Denis pain scale
(I to V)		Before surgeryI: 0; II: 0; III: 0;
IV: 6; V: 21		I: 0; II: 0; III: 0;
IV: 5; V: 17		I: 0; II: 0; III: 0;
IV: 5; V: 15		0.974; chi2
At dischargeI: 0; II: 0; III: 7;
IV: 20; V: 0		I: 0; II: 1; III: 10;
IV: 11; V: 0		I: 0; II: 0; III: 5;
IV: 13; V: 2		0.124; chi2
Six weeks after surgeryI: 5; II: 9; III: 12;
IV: 1; V: 0		I: 5; II: 8; III: 9;
IV: 0; V: 0		I: 2; II: 6; III: 9;
IV: 3; V: 0		0.471; chi2
  <0.001; <0.001; <0.001;  
Denis work scale
(I to V)		Before surgeryI: 0; II: 0; III: 0;
IV: 10; V: 17		I: 0; II: 0; III: 0;
IV: 8; V: 14		I: 0; II: 0; III: 0;
IV: 11; V: 9		0.378; chi2
Six weeks after surgeryI: 0; II: 10; III: 17;
IV: 0; V: 0		I: 0; II: 13; III: 9;
IV: 0; V: 0		I: 0; II: 3; III: 15;
IV: 2; V: 0		0.014;
  <0.001; <0.001; <0.001;  
MacNab criteria
(I to IV)		At dischargeI: 15; II: 12;
III: 0; IV: 0		I: 13; II: 9;
III: 0; IV: 0		I: 2; II: 13;
III: 4; IV: 1		0.002;
Six weeks after surgeryI: 6; II: 17;
III: 4; IV: 0		I: 10, II: 11,
III: 1, IV: 0		I: 0; II: 4;
III: 11; IV: 5		<0.001;
  <0.001; <0.001; <0.001;  
VAS: visual analog scale.
MED: median.
MIN: minimum.
MAX: maximum.
SD: standard deviation.
KWT: Kruskal-Wallis test.
FT: Friedman test.
chi2: chi-squared test.
MacNab criteria I (excellent), II (good), III (fair), and IV (poor).