The Clinical History and Basic Science Origins of Transcutaneous Osseointegration for Amputees

Figure 2

The first patient with long-term successful transcutaneous limb osseointegration. The surgery was performed on 15 May, 1990, by Rickard Brånemark in Sweden, for a young woman who lost both legs due to a street car accident. Despite her relatively short residual limbs, she is able to stand on two prosthetic legs and no compressive socket is needed. This procedure ushered in the current era of transcutaneous osseointegration for amputees (TOFA) (reproduced with permission from Li, Y., Brånemark, R. Osseointegrated prostheses for rehabilitation following amputation. Unfallchirurg 120, 285–292 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-017-0331-4).