The Influence of Psychiatric Comorbidity on Inpatient Outcomes following Distal Humerus Fractures

Table 3

Prevalence of adverse events in patients with distal humerus fractures with bivariate analysis comparing those with a concomitant diagnosis of depression, anxiety, dementia, or schizophrenia to those with none of these diagnoses.

Parameter (ICD-9)	Total ( = 526,185)	Psychiatric comorbidity
	Percentage	None, %	Depression, %		Anxiety, %		Schizophrenia, %		Dementia, %
Postoperative bleeding (998.1)
No	99.76%	99.76%	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	0.021	100.00%	0.109	100.00%	0.034
Present	0.24%	0.24%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Acute postoperative infection (998.5)
No	99.56%	99.55%	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	0.028	100.00%	0.004
Present	0.44%	0.45%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Acute postoperative anemia (285.1)
No	97.90%	97.93%	96.27%	<0.001	84.84%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001
Present	2.10%	2.07%	3.73%		5.16%		0.00%		0.00%
Acute renal failure (584)
No	99.79%	99.79%	99.34%	<0.001	100.00%	0.032	100.00%	0.134	100.00%	0.047
Present	0.21%	0.21%	0.66%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Acute myocardial infarction (410)
No	99.82%	99.81%	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	0.041	100.00%	0.154	99.25%	<0.001
Present	0.18%	0.19%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.75%
Pulmonary embolism (415.1)
No	99.89%	99.89%	100.00%	0.007	100.00%	0.12	100.00%	0.278	100.00%	0.151
Present	0.11%	0.11%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Induced mental disorder (293)
No	99.70%	99.70%	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	0.01	100.00%	0.073	100.00%	0.018
Present	0.30%	0.30%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Pneumonia (480–486)
No	99.11%	99.33%	89.01%	<0.001	97.95%	<0.001	100.00%	0.007	76.57%	<0.001
Present	0.89%	0.67%	10.99%		2.05%		0.00%		23.43%
Pulmonary insufficiency (518.5)
No	99.74%	99.73%	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	0.015	100.00%	0.089	100.00%	0.024
Present	0.26%	0.27%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Deep venous thrombosis (453.4)
No	99.99%	99.99%	100.00%	0.415	100.00%	0.641	100.00%	0.745	100.00%	0.666
Present	0.01%	0.01%	0.00%		0.00%		0.00%		0.00%
Intubation (96.x)
No	98.80%	98.80%	98.84%	0.789	97.95%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001	100.00%	<0.001
Present	1.20%	1.20%	1.16%		2.05%		0.00%		0.00%
Transfusion of blood (99.0)
No	98.60%	98.66%	93.27%	<0.001	98.81%	0.533	100.00%	<0.001	99.36%	0.008
Present	1.40%	1.34%	6.73%		1.19%		0.00%		0.64%