Optical Sensing of Attached Fibrinogen on Carbon Doped Titanium Surfaces

Table 1

Complex effective dielectric constants (dielectric permittivity) 𝜀=𝜀^′+𝑖𝜀^′′at 𝐸_𝜆=1.959 eV with standard deviations and water contact angles (𝜃^∘) for the five studied surfaces. Sample number indexes 𝑁_IF shown in Figure 2 are listed according to severity of dielectric losses 𝜀^′′.

Sample	Treatment	ε	Δ𝜀(×10^−2)	𝜃^∘
1	Polished titanium	−1.406−8.207𝑖	34.1+128.4𝑖	66.5±4.1
2	PECVD Ti0.82–C0.18	−1.492−6.024𝑖	17.2+23.1𝑖	81.1±2.6
3	PECVD Ti0.38–C0.62	0.084−5.681𝑖	20.5 + 40.4𝑖	77.9±3.1
4	PECVD Ti0.09–C0.91	2.034−2.580𝑖	6.7 + 3.4𝑖	75.0±0.4
5	DLC Ti0.00–C1.00	4.448−1.570𝑖	13.5 + 14.9𝑖	70.7±2.0