Nanoemulsion Based Hydrogel for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Ketoprofen

Table 7

Comparative permeation profile of different formulations.

Formulation code	^aCADP (mg/cm^2)	^aFlux (mg/cm^2/h)	^aLag time (h)		^aDrug retained (mg)	LAE
Drug solution	0.75 ± 0.05	0.037 ± 0.21	3.42 ± 0.11	1	1.75 ± 0.12	2.33
Plain drug gel	1.12 ± 0.15	0.055 ± 0.12	3.00 ± 0.25	1.48	1.38 ± 0.06	1.23
Marketed	1.25 ± 0.21	0.061 ± 0.22	1.01 ± 0.09	1.62	1.25 ± 0.26	1.00
Formulation
N6	1.97 ± 0.18^**	0.078 ± 0.27^**	1.89 ± 0.25	2.10^**	0.53 ± 0.22	0.26
NG6	1.82 ± 0.23^*	0.0.74 ± 0.43^*	0.56 ± 0.12^*	2.00^*	0.68 ± 0.29^*	0.37^*

Values are expressed as mean ± SD ().
CADP: cumulative amount of drug permeated; : enhancement ratio; LAE: local accumulation efficiency = ketoprofen retained into skin/ ketoprofen permeated through skin.
; Student’s -test was used to compare NG6 (optimized formulation) with drug solution, plain drug gel, and marketed formulation.
; Student’s -test was also used to compare N6 (plain nanoemulsion) with NG6 and no significant difference was found.