Optimal Method for Catastrophic Faults Diagnosis in RC Ladder Network

Table 20

Ambiguity from for four-step RC ladder network.

Fault	Ambiguity with the following
short	short ()
open	No ambiguity
short	short (), short ()
short	short ()
open	short (, ), short (), open (), short (), short, short (), open ()
short	open (, ), short (,   & ≥20), open (, , ), short (  & ≥22), short (  & ≥23), open (,   & ≥23), short (  & ≥25)
short	open (), short (,   & ≥20), open (  & ≥19), short (), short (), open (), short ()
open	open (), short (, , ), short (  & ≥19), short (), short (,   & ≥18), open (,  & ≥15), short (  & ≥16)
short	open (), short (  & ≥22), short (), open (), short (), open (), short (,   & ≥12)
short	open (), short (  & ≥23), short (), open (,   & ≥18), short (), open (), short ()
open	open (), short (,   & ≥23), short (), open (,  & ≥15), short (), short (), short ()
short	open (), short (  & ≥25), short (), open (  & ≥16), short (,   & ≥12), short (), open ()