Three Microwave Frequency Dividers Using Current Source/Sink and Modified Current Source Inverters

Table 5

Measured operating parameters of proposed circuits with skew reduction block.

Inverter type	Input type	𝑉bias	Max input freq. with skew reduction block	Max input freq. without skew reduction block	Increase in maximum input frequency	𝑃dissipation (with skew reduction block)	Figure of merit (with skew reduction block)
Current sink	Sine	490 mV	3.6 GHz	3.1 GHz	16.13%	134.43 𝜇W	26.77
	Square	490 mV	3.717 GHz	3.7 GHz	0.46%	33.68 𝜇W	110.36
Current source	Sine	325 mV	4.9 GHz	3.0 GHz	63.34%	138.74 𝜇W	35.32
	Square	325 mV	3.448 GHz	3.268 GHz	5.50%	30.07 𝜇W	114.66
Modified current source	Sine	n/a	8.2 GHz	5.55 GHz	47.75%	197.77 𝜇W	41.46
	Square	n/a	8.163 GHz	6.135 GHz	33.05%	76.01 𝜇W	107.39