Time Interval for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis and Related Expenditure in Selected Health Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Table 5
Bivariate and multivariate analysis of expenditure for TB services by socio demographic characteristic participants TB patients, at health centres in Addis Ababa, 2017: .
Total expenditure above the median, birrs
COR (95% CI)
-value
AOR (95% CI)
-value
Yes ()
%
No ()
Sex
Male
68
26.2
77
29.6
Reference
Female
62
23.9
53
20.4
1.32 (0.81, 2.16)
0.261
0.6 (0.36, 1.14)
0.139
Marital status
Single
67
25.8
68
26.2
Reference
Married/widowed/divorced
63
24.2
62
23.9
1.03 (0.63, 1.67)
0.901
0.9 (0.51, 1.68)
0.804
Education
Literate
114
43.9
105
40.4
1.69 (0.85, 3.35)
0.128
1.8 (0.78, 4.21)
0.164
Illiterate
16
6.2
25
9.6
Reference
Average household monthly income
<1000 birrs
34
13.1
43
16.5
Reference
1000–2000 birrs
38
14.6
35
13.5
1.37 (0.72, 2.61)
0.334
1.3 (0.6, 2.72)
0.509
>2000 birrs
58
22.3
52
20.0
1.41 (0.78, 2.53)
0.249
1.2 (0.58, 2.31)
0.656
What do you usually do when you feel sick?
Visit health facility
92
35.4
81
31.2
1.56 (0.85, 2.85)
0.148
1.4 (0.72, 2.67)
0.325
Self-treatment
24
9.2
33
12.7
Reference
Other/do nothing
14
5.4
16
6.2
1.17 (0.35, 3.95)
0.790
1.6 (.41, 6.31)
0.489
Heard about tuberculosis
Yes
102
39.3
116
44.6
0.44 (1.13, 4.55)
0.02
0.2 (0.06, 0.84)
0.027
No
28
10.7
14
5.4
Reference
How is TB transmitted?
Through breathing
106
40.7
110
42.3
Reference
Other/do not know
24
9.3
20
7.7
1.24 (0.41, 2.53)
0.509
1.3 (.64, 8.36)
0.200
Type of provider visited first
Health centre
71
27.3
100
38.5
Reference
Public hospital
50
19.2
26
10.0
2.7 (1.54, 4.75)
0.001
2.8 (1.53, 5.19)
0.001
Private
9
3.5
4
1.5
3.16 (0.93, 10.69)
0.063
3.9 (1.06,14.03)
0.040
Distance to the nearest health centre/hospital by walk
Below mean (≤2.5)
70
26.9
73
28.1
Reference
Above mean (2.5)
60
23.1
57
21.9
1.09 (0.67, 1.78)
0.708
0.9 (.443, 1.84)
0.786
Distance to the nearest health centre/hospital by transport
Below mean (<0.7)
85
32.7
88
33.9
Reference
Above mean (0.7)
45
17.3
42
16.2
1.10 (0.66, 1.85)
0.693
0.9 (.41, 1.76)
0.666
Notes: Have heard at least about TB symptoms, route of transmission and curability. Variables that showed significant association during bivariate analysis at , COR. Abbreviations: TB:tuberculosis; COR: crude odds ratio; AOR: adjusted odds ratio, CI: confidence interval. All significant values are written in bold.
