Access Differentials in Primary Healthcare among Vulnerable Populations in a Health Insurance Setting in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Background characteristics of vulnerable groups.

Background characteristics	Frequency (n = 710)	Percentage
Gender
Male	180	25.4
Female	530	74.6
Age (mean, SD)	51, 21.0
Age groups
≤18	22	3.1
19–30	196	27.6
31–50	91	12.8
51–64	165	23.2
≥65	236	33.2
Level of education
None	252	35.5
Basic education (primary and JSS)	254	35.7
Professional certificate	17	2.4
Senior high school/middle school	166	23.4
Tertiary	21	3.0
Employment (n = 674)
Employed	438	65.0
Unemployed	236	35.0
Type of employment (n = 438)
Civil/servant	18	4.1
Artisan	96	21.9
Trader	154	35.2
Farmer	20	4.6
Prostitution	53	12.1
Self-employed	42	9.6
Head potter	55	12.6
Marital status (n = 657)
Single	103	15.7
Cohabitation	81	12.3
Married	272	41.4
Divorced	29	4.1
Widowed	172	24.2
Number of children (n = 587)
0	23	3.9
1	94	16.0
2	111	18.9
3	64	10.9
>3	295	50.3
Number of dependents (n = 453)
0	16	3.5
1	65	14.3
2	175	38.6
3	47	10.4
>3	150	33.1
Ethnic group (n = 666)
Akan	457	68.6
Ewe	30	4.5
Northerner	111	16.7
Other	68	10.2
Religion (n = 671)
Christian	573	85.4
Muslim	90	13.4
Others	10	14.9
Average monthly income in GHC (mean, SD)	399.04 (383.53)
Have other sources of income	114	16.1
Place of residence (n = 653)
Zongo	52	8.0
Slum	86	13.2
Old town	285	43.6
New site	178	27.3
Estate	38	5.8
Others	14	2.1
Rate of socioeconomic status (n = 656)
Very rich	13	2.0
Rich	32	4.9
Moderately rich	366	55.8
Poor	205	31.3
Very poor	40	6.1
Wealth quintiles
Lowest	145	22.4
Low	115	17.7
Medium	144	22.2
High	125	19.3
Highest	119	18.4