|
| Gene(s) | Polymorphism(s) | Case/control | Results |
|
| (1) | VDR | Taq1 | 108/170 | The tt genotype reduced cancer risk compared to the Tt or TT genotype [146] |
|
| (2) | VDR & AR | AR CAG repeat and VDR PolyA | 57/169 | The short CAG or long PolyA increased cancer risk and both increased risk of advanced cancer [147] |
|
| (3) | VDR | BsmI, ApaI, and Taq1 | 222/128
A Japanese population | Only BsmI BB or Bb genotype was associated with one-third of the risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population [148] |
|
| (4) | VDR | BsmI, ApaI, and Taq1 | 81 familial cases/105
A Japanese population | No association [149] |
|
| (5) | VDR | Fok1, BsmI, Taq1, and PolyA | A meta-analysis of 14 studies | No association [150] |
|
| (6) | VDR | FokI, BsmI, ApaI, TaqI, and PolyA | African Americans (113/121)
Whites (232/171) | No association but Fok1 FF genotype was associated with cancer risk in young African American [151] |
|
| (7) | VDR | Apal and Taql | 165/200
A Brazilian population | No association [152] |
|
| (8) | VDR | BsmI, FokI, and PolyA | 559/523 | No association with overall cancer risk, but the BsmI bb was associated with a modest risk increase of localized prostate cancer compared to the BB genotype [153] |
|
| (9) | VDR | BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI | 160/205
A Taiwanese population | No overall cancer risk association with ApaI and TaqI. But the Bsm1 BB and Bb versus the bb genotypes were negatively associated with risk of cancer [154] |
|
| (10) | VDR | BsmI and TaqI | 428 white men and 310 African-American men | No association with overall cancer risk except that the Bsm1 B allele was inversely associated with recurrence of locally advanced cancer among white men [155] |
|
| (11) | VDR | CDX-2, Fok1, and Taq1 | 368 cancer/243 BPH | CDX-2 GA and AA and Fok1 ff were associated with increased prostate cancer risk in men with UVR exposure above the median, but genotype combinations such as GGTT and FFTT were associated with reduced risk in the higher UVR exposure group [106] |
|
| (12) | VDR | Cdx2, Fox1, Taq1, and Bgl II | 450/455 | FokI FF or Ff, TaqI tt, and BglI BB genotypes not Cdx2 genotypes may significantly protect against cancer progression with high sun exposure [156] |
|
| (13) | VDR | Fok1 | 128/147
An Indian population | Only the FF genotype showed an increased cancer risk [157] |
|
| (14) | VDR | FokI and BsmI | 812/713
An Australian population | These two SNPs had no effect on prostate cancer risk [158] |
|
| (15) | VDR,
VDBP | Novel sequence variations in the two promoters | 165/324
African-American men | A novel VDR-5132 T/C SNP (i.e., CC genotype) was found to increase cancer risk in African-American men [159] |
|
| (16) | VDR | TaqI, BsmI, ApaI, FokI, and Poly(A) | A meta-analysis of 26 studies | No association [160] |
|
| (17) | VDR,
CYP27A1,
CYP24A1 | 38 SNPs | 630/565 | Only two VDR SNP loci, rs2107301, and rs2238135, with TT and CC genotypes, respectively, had a 2- to 2.5-fold increased risk of prostate cancer compared with the respective homozygote CC and TT alleles [161] |
|
| (18) | VDR | Fok1 | 1,066/1,618 | The Fok1 ff genotype was found to increase cancer risk when 25(OH)D levels were lower than the median [162] |
|
| (19) | VDR | SNPs in haplotype block subregions C2 and C1 | 430 cancer/430 BPH
UK men | Haplotype block C including G(3436)-A(3944)-C(20965)-C(30056), (G or C)-A-C-C, and G-A-(C or T)-C was found significantly to increase cancer risk in men with very low UVR exposure [163] |
|
| (20) | VDR | Apa I, BsmI, and Taq I | 133/157
a Turkish population | Prostate cancer risk was found to be increased in those whose genotypes were either the Aa or aa compared to those with the AA type [164] |
|
| (21) | VDR,
SRD5A2 | Fox1 or Cdx2 and SRD5A2 V89L | 444/488
Non-Hispanic White (NHW) men
141/273
Hispanic White (HW) men | Prostate cancer risk was increased by the interaction of the genotype with VDR SRD5A2 V89L VV FokI TT/CT genotypes in NHW men and the interaction of the SRD5A2 V89L VV genotype with VDR CDX2 GG genotypes in HW men [165] |
|
| (22) | CYP27A1, GC,
CYP27B1,
CYP24A1, VDR,
7 vitamin D
signaling downstream genes | 212 SNPs | 749/781 | No association with overall cancer risk except that the BsmI and rs11574143 were associated with cancer risk only in men with lower 25(OH)D levels [166] |
|
| (23) | VDR | Fok1,Cdx2,Bsm1, Apa1, and Taq1 | 1,604 cases plus a meta-analysis of 13 studies | The BsmI (bb versus BB +Bb), ApaI (aa versus AA+Aa), and TaqI (Tt + tt versus TT) SNPs were determined to be associated with high Gleasone scores/cancer progression [167] |
|
| (24) | VDR | | a meta-analysis of several cancers | For prostate cancer, Caucasian men with BsmI Bb would have significant reduction in cancer risk compared with bb genotype. It also concluded that Fok1 ff would contribute to the increase in cancer risk compared with FF genotype [168] |
|
| (25) | VDR | Taql, Apal, Bsml, Fok1, and CDX2 | a meta-analysis of 36 studies | The Taql t and Bsml B alleles were found to be inversely associated with the risk. the Apal a allele was contributed to the reduction of cancer risk only in Asian populations, and the Fokl f allele was contributed to increased cancer risk only in Caucasian populations [169] |
|
| (26) | VDR,
CYP27B1,
CYP24A1 | 48 SNPs | 827/787 | No significant evidence of association of any of these SNPs (including VDR BsmI, TaqI, ApaI and FokI) with overall cancer risk or risk for tumor aggressiveness was found [170] |
|
| (27) | VDR | FokI, BsmI, Tru9I, ApaI, and TaqI | 122/130
A Chinese Han population | Only BsmI B allele was found to be inversely associated with cancer risk compared with the b allele [171] |
|
| (28) | VDR,
CYP19A1,
CYP17A1,
and AR | common SNPs in VDR, CYP17A1
CYP19A1
CAG repeat in AR | 95 Italian heredofamilial prostate cancer (HFPC) cases/378 sporadic cancer | Only SNP rs10735810 (VDR1) T/T genotype in exon 4 of and SNP rs731236 (VDR2) T/T genotype in exon 11 of VDR showed positive interaction resulting in increased cancer risk for the HFPC patients compared to sporadic cancer [172] |
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