Lowering the Risk of Rectal Cancer among Habitual Beer Drinkers by Dietary Means

Table 3

Association between quintiles of micronutrient intake and rectal cancer amongst beer consumers and nonconsumers.

			Beer consumers			Non-consumers of beer
Micronutrient			AOR^a	(95% CI)	P	AOR^a	(95% CI)	P
Folate (mcg/day)	1	246	1.00			1.00
	2	297	0.47	(0.15,1.43)	.2	0.68	(0.42,1.13)	.14
	3	347	0.51	(0.17,1.48)	.2	0.48	(0.28,0.85)	.01
	4	419	0.51	(0.18,1.45)	.2	0.56	(0.30,1.03)	.06
	5	1367^b	0.87	(0.27,2.78)	.8	0.89	(0.44,1.79)	.7
Methionine (g/day)	1	1.3	1.00			1.00
	2	1.6	1.06	(0.43,2.57)	.9	0.69	(0.41,1.17)	.2
	3	1.9	0.79	(0.32,1.96)	.6	0.70	(0.38,1.29)	.2
	4	2.3	1.73	(0.65,4.59)	.3	0.72	(0.35,1.47)	.4
	5	6.0	2.42	(0.85,6.88)	.10	1.21	(0.52,2.82)	.7
Vitamin B6 (mcg/day)	1	1.7	1.00			1.00
	2	2.1	0.41	(0.13,1.31)	.13	0.66	(0.39,1.12)	.13
	3	2.6	0.51	(0.16,1.58)	.2	0.56	(0.30,1.03)	.06
	4	3.4	0.62	(0.19,2.06)	.4	0.42	(0.22,0.79)	.007
	5	12.7	0.49	(0.14,1.64)	.2	0.57	(0.29,1.12)	.10
Vitamin B12 (mg/day)	1	4.1	1.00			1.00
	2	5.7	1.07	(0.43,2.63)	.9	1.60	(0.95,2.69)	.08
	3	7.6	0.66	(0.27,1.60)	.4	0.89	(0.49,1.60)	.7
	4	11.1	0.74	(0.30,1.81)	.5	0.68	(0.38,1.22)	.2
	5	39	0.47	(0.19,1.15)	.10	0.64	(0.34,1.20)	.2
Selenium (mcg/day)	1	80	1.00			1.00
	2	99	0.58	(0.18,1.83)	.3	0.70	(0.41,1.17)	.2
	3	118	0.92	(0.32,2.60)	.9	0.49	(0.27,0.90)	.02
	4	145	0.66	(0.21,2.04)	.5	0.47	(0.24,0.93)	.03
	5	379^b	1.21	(0.37,3.90)	.8	0.61	(0.28,1.29)	.2
Vitamin E (mg/day)	1	5.1	1.00			1.00
	2	7.1	0.35	(0.16,0.78)	.01	0.66	(0.37,1.17)	.2
	3	9.3	0.40	(0.18,0.88)	.02	0.42	(0.23,0.77)	.005
	4	12.7	0.44	(0.21,0.93)	.03	0.69	(0.39,1.24)	.2
	5	36	0.35	(0.15,0.80)	.01	0.65	(0.36,1.14)	.13
Vitamin C (mg/day)	1	69	1.00			1.00
	2	104	0.85	(0.42,1.75)	.7	0.52	(0.29,0.94)	.03
	3	141	0.92	(0.45,1.88)	.8	0.58	(0.32,1.04)	.07
	4	198	0.53	(0.25,1.10)	.09	0.55	(0.31,0.98)	.04
	5	1036^b	0.26	(0.11,0.60)	.002	0.48	(0.26,0.87)	.02
Lycopene (mcg/day)	1	280	1.00			1.00
	2	706	0.55	(0.25,1.22)	.14	1.04	(0.60,1.78)	.9
	3	1336	0.77	(0.36,1.61)	.5	1.15	(0.66,2.00)	.6
	4	2731	0.47	(0.23,0.98)	.05	1.13	(0.64,2.00)	.7
	5	22973^b	0.38	(0.18,0.81)	.01	1.25	(0.70,2.23)	.4

^aAdjusted for age and sex, alcohol (yes/no), body mass index (quintiles), energy intake (quintiles), family history of colorectal cancer (yes/no), oral contraceptive pill use (yes/no), cigarette pack, years (none, 1–19, 20–39, or ≥40), aspirin (yes/no), NSAIDS (yes/no), and beer consumption (1–200, 201–740, or >740 ml/day).
^b90 percentile for intake per day for folate is 500 mcg, for selenium is 175 mcg, for vitamin C is 250 mg and for lycopene is 4600 mcg.