Advances in Preventive Medicine

Research Article

Parents’ Source of Vaccine Information and Impact on Vaccine Attitudes, Beliefs, and Nonmedical Exemptions

Table 2

Demographic characteristics as predictors for Internet use as a source of vaccine information among parents of school aged children.


Characteristics	Internet used as a source of vaccine information		Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)
	Yes ()^††	No ()^††
	(%)	(%)

Older parent age^†	80 (32.7%)	378 (38.3%)	0.78 (0.58–1.05)	0.72 (0.53–0.97)
Higher parent education^‡	145 (58.2%)	465 (46.3%)	1.62 (1.22–2.14)	1.49 (1.12–2.00)
Higher household income^§	105 (47.5%)	346 (39.5%)	1.39 (1.03–1.87)	1.41 (1.04–1.91)
Parent	211 (92.1%)	883 (92.7%)	0.93 (0.54–1.59)	0.78 (0.45–1.37)
Child’s primary healthcare provider^¶	39 (15.9%)	89 (9.0%)	1.91 (1.27–2.86)	1.27 (0.83–1.96)
Child is exempt for one or more vaccines**	105 (42.2%)	172 (17.1%)	3.53 (2.61–4.76)	N/A

*Adjusted for exemption status.
^†Parent age is above the median (41 years or older) compared to younger.
^‡Parent’s education level is above the median (college graduate or higher) compared to lower education levels.
^§Total household income is above the median ($70,000 or higher) compared to lower household income.
Parent’s race is white compared to all other races/ethnicities.
^¶Child’s primary healthcare provider is not a doctor (nurse, physician’s assistant, chiropractor, homeopathic doctor, or other) compared to doctor/physician.
**Child has nonmedical exemption for one or more vaccine compared to fully vaccinated; odds ratios adjusted by exemption status or stratified on exemption status could not be calculated.
^††Counts presented represent the count of nonmissing data, and the corresponding percentage is the percent of respondents in each Internet usage group with nonmissing data that indicated that a given information source was a “Good or excellent source.” Missing data were not consistent over information source. Odds ratios are calculated based on nonmissing results through unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression.