Effects of Yoga on Utero-Fetal-Placental Circulation in High-Risk Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 3
Ultrasound fetal measurements between groups.
Parameters
Gestational age
Mean ± SD
values1
Yoga ()
Control ()
Biparietal diameter (BPD)
12th wk
20.2 ± 4.0
19.5 ± 2.4
<0.001
20th wk
50.6 ± 5.4
46.9 ± 2.4
28th wk
72.5 ± 2.9
70.4 ± 2.3
Head circumference (HD)
12th wk
75.4 ± 9.4
74.3 ± 8.6
0.002
20th wk
181.0 ± 7.9
173.7 ± 7.9
28th wk
268.6 ± 8.7
262.4 ± 8.2
Abdominal circumference (AC)
12th wk
62.3 ± 8.5
60.7 ± 6.2
0.099
20th wk
150.0 ± 10.6
149.1 ± 8.9
28th wk
243.7 ± 13.9
236.4 ± 11.1
Femur length (FL)
12th wk
9.2 ± 1.9
9.3 ± 1.7
0.005
20th wk
33.1 ± 2.1
31.5 ± 1.9
28th wk
55.0 ± 2.6
53.0 ± 2.3
Heart rate (HR)
12th wk
163.5 ± 9.4
157.8 ± 9.4
0.006
20th wk
149.3 ± 7.6
143.0 ± 9.9
28th wk
145.0 ± 11.6
141.3 ± 7.2
Estimated fetal weight (EFW)
12th wk
0.065 ± 0.02
0.066 ± 0.01
0.019
20th wk
0.362 ± 0.05
0.329 ± 0.04
28th wk
1.275 ± 0.15
1.188 ± 0.13
Calculated using RM-ANOVA.
aANCOVA keeping the baseline data as covariate. Remarks: significant improvement was observed in all fetal parameters except for AC, which was near significance.
