Advances in Preventive Medicine / 2018 / Article / Tab 5 / Research Article
Nasal Carriage Rate, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Staphylococcus aureus with Special Emphasis on MRSA among Urban and Rural Elementary School Children in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study Table 5 Risk factors for MRSA nasal colonization among elementary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018.
Characteristics No. ( ) +ve for S. aureus Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) No. ( ) positive for MRSA No. ( ) negative for MRSA Crude OR (95 CI) P value Adjusted OR (95 CI) P value Residence Urban 83 (58.04) 13 (15.66) 70 (84.34) 0.09 0.023 0.107 0.036 Rural 60 (41.96) 1 (1.67) 59 (98.33) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) Sex Male 79 (55.2) 7 (8.86) 72 (91.14) 1.26 0.678 - - Female 64 (44.8) 7 (10.94) 57 (89.06) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - Age in years 6-10 years 48 (33.6) 8 (16.67) 40 (83.33) 0.83 0.831 - - 10-15 years 81 (56.6) 4 (4.94) 77 (95.06) 3.21 0.205 - - > 15 years 14 (9.8) 2 (14.29) 12 (85.714) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - Educational status Grade 1-4 71 (49.65) 7 (9.86) 64 (90.14) 0.99 0.978 - - Grade 5-8 72 (50.35) 7 (9.72) 65 (90.28) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - Family’s average monthly income Less than 500 birr 59 (41.26) 4 (6.78) 55 (93.22) 1.72 0.422 - - 500-1000 birr 30 (20.98) 4 (13.33) 26 (86.67) 0.81 0.763 - - >1000 birr 54 (37.76) 6 (11.11) 48 (88.89) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - Family size category 2-5 62 (43.4) 8 (12.90) 54 (87.1) 0.54 0.279 - - >5 81 (56.6) 6 (7.41) 75 (92.59) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - History of chronic disease Yes 18 (12.59) 4 (22.22) 14 (77.78) 3.29 0.07 2.4 0.313 No 125 (87.41) 10 (8) 115 (92) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) History of hospitalization Yes 23 (16.1) 4 (17.91) 19 (82.61) 2.32 0.191 1.29 0.71 No 120 (83.9 ) 10 (8.33) 110 (91.67) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) History of surgery Yes 9 (6.3) 2 (22.22) 7 (77.78) 2.905 0. 213 - - No 134 (93.7) 12 (8.96) 122 (91.05) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - History of visit hospitals/clinics Yes 71 (49.7) 8 (11.27) 63 (88.72) 1.4 0.556 - - No 72 (50.3) 6 (8.333) 66 (91.67) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - History contact with health care worker Yes 18 (12.6) 3 (16.67) 15 (83.33) 2.07 0.302 - - No 125 (87.4) 11 (8.8) 114 (91.2) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - History of antibiotic usage in the past 4 weeks Yes 20 (14.0) 4 (20) 16 (80) 2.83 0.11 2.66 0.149 No 123 (86.0) 10 (8.13) 113 (91.87) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) Adherence to antibiotic therapy Completed 13 (65) 2 (15.85) 11 (84.62) 0.48 0.384 - - Not completed 7 (35) 2 (28.57) 5 (71.43) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - History of respiratory infection Yes 22 (15.39) 1 (4.55) 21 (95.45) 0.4 0.384 - - No 121 (84.62) 13 (10.74) 108 (89.26) 1(ref) 1(ref) - - Mothers’ educational status Unable to read & write 57 (39.9) 3 (5.26) 54 (94.74) 3.86 0.121 1.49 0.683 Informal education 17 (11.9) 3 (17.65) 14 (82.35) 1.00 1.00 0.66 0.657 Primary school 35 (24.5) 3 (8.57) 32 (91.43) 2.29 0.346 1.14 0.891 Secondary school 17 (11.9) 2 (11.77) 15 (88.24) 1.61 0.63 1.124 0.912 Above grade 12 17 (11.9) 3 (17.65) 14 (82.35) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) 1(ref) Fathers’ educational status Unable to read & write 41 (28.7) 2 (4.88) 39 (95.12) 3.25 0.218 - - Informal education 28 (19.6) 2 (7.14) 26 (92.86) 2.17 0.422 - - Primary school 31 (21.7) 4 (12.9) 27 (87.1) 1.13 0.886 - - Secondary school 22 (15.4) 3 (13.64) 19 (86.36) 1.06 0.951 - - Above grade 12 21 (14.7) 3 (14.29) 18 (85.71) 1(ref) 1(ref) - -
Note : ref: reference; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.
