Prevalence and Factors Influencing Eye Injuries among Welders in Accra, Ghana

Table 4

Factors associated with eye injuries among welders.

Variable	Eye injury n (%)	Model I COR		Model II AOR
		OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Age (years)			0.3813
<20	9 (4.9)	1
20–29	81 (44.3)	0.66 (0.27–1.60)
30–39	42 (22.9)	0.93 (0.37–2.35)
49–49	31 (16.9)	0.48 (0.18–1.29)
50–59	14 (7.6)	0.60 (0.19–1.84)
≥60	6 (3.3)	0.54 (0.12–2.29)
Educational level			0.6860
No formal education	13 (7.1)	1
Primary	125 (68.3)	1.29 (0.61–2.74)
Secondary	42 (22.9)	1.42 (0.62–3.26)
Tertiary	3 (1.6)	0.69 (0.15–3.29)
Working experience (years)			0.6450
<1	8 (4.4)	1
1–5	56 (30.6)	0.70 (0.27–1.85)
6–10	46 (25.1)	0.84 (0.32–2.23)
>10	73 (39.9)	0.64 (0.25–1.66)
Welding type			<0.001
Electric/arc welding	168 (91.8)	1		1
Gas welding	15 (8.2)	0.04 (0.02–0.07)		0.08 (0.04–0.16)	<0.001
Monthly income (GHS)			0.2064
<100	32 (17.5)	1.		1
100–500	82 (44.8)	1.07 (0.61–1.90)		1.27 (0.60–2.70)	0.529
600–1000	32 (17.5)	0.65 (0.34–1.26)		1.49 (0.58–3.79)	0.407
>1000	37 (20.2)	1.23 (0.62–2.41)		5.26 (1.72–16.09)	0.004
Usage of eye PPE while working			0.0877
Use	53 (29.0)	1
Nonuse	130 (71.0)	1.45 (0.944–2.23)		1.86 (1.03–3.33)	0.040
Training on use of eye PPE			0.1867
Yes	37 (20.2)	1		1
No	146 (79.8)	1.43 (0.84–2.42)		2.17 (1.07–4.38)	0.030
Eye PPE policy at work			0.009
Present	12 (6.6)	1		1
Absent	171 (93.4)	9.64 (1.75–53.10)		0.05 (0.01–1.39)	0.077
Safety training at work			0.811
Never	142 (77.6)	1
Sometimes	34 (18.6)	1.19 (0.70–2.03)
Often/always	7 (3.8)	0.98 (0.35–2.77)
Exposure to nearby welding activities			0.0001
Never	3 (1.6)	1		1
Sometimes	2 (1.1)	0.3 (0.04–2.11)		0.08 (0.01–1.08)	0.057
Often/always	178 (97.3)	3.144 (1.84–11.80)		1.22 (0.23–6.58)	0.813

Statistically significant at p value <0.05.