Self-Collected Specimens Revealed a Higher Vaccine- and Non-Vaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus Prevalences in a Cross-Sectional Study in Akuse
Table 4
HPV prevalences, proportions, and the extent of agreements between self and provider-collected specimens.
HPV type
Self-collection
Provider-collection
Chi-square (≤p-value )
Cohen’s Kappa, (p-value)
Prevalence (95% CI)
Prevalence (95% CI)
Overall HPVs
43.1 (38.0–51.0)
23.3 (19.0–31.0)
0.001
0.321 (0.0001)
High-risk HPVs
27.2 (23.0–34.0)
16.6 (14.0–24.0)
0.001
0.402 (0.0001)
Low-risk HPVs
23.3 (19.0–30.0)
9.9 (6.0–14.0)
0.001
0.328 (0.0001)
Probable high-risk HPVs
4.7 (2.0–8.0)
0.4 (0.0–1.0)
0.001
0.147 (0.0001)
BVT HPV’s
5.9 (3.0–9.0)
0.9 (0.14–2.84)
0.001
QVT HPVs
12.7 (8.95–17.3)
6.5 (3.54–10.3)
0.001
NVT HPVs
27.5 (22.1–33.3)
14.3 (10.3–19.3)
0.001
Infection categories
n, (Proportion)a
n, (Proportion)b
Single infectionc
62 (56.9%)
43 (72.9%)
0.001
Multiple infectionsc
49 (43.1%)
16 (27.1%)
0.001
Multiple infections involving BVT HPVs onlyc
1 (0.92%)
0 (0.0%)
—
Multiple infections involving QVT HPVs onlyc
1 (0.92%)
0 (0.0%)
—
Multiple infections involving NVT HPVs onlyc
4 (3.67%)f
0 (0.0%)g
—
Multiple infections involving any BVT and nonBVT HR HPVsc
7 (6.427%)
0 (0.0%)
—
Multiple infections involving any QVT and nonQVT HR HPVsc
10 (9.17%) d
1 (1.69%)e
0.001
Multiple infections involving any QVT and nonQVT LR HPVsc
8 (7.34%)
1 (1.969%)
0.001
Multiple infections involving any NVT and nonNVT HR HPVsc
12 (11.00%)
3 (5.08%)
0.001
Multiple infections involving any NVT and nonNVT LR HPV(s)c
16 (14.68%)
4 (6.77%)
0.001
BVT = Bivalent vaccine-type, QVT = quadrivalent vaccine-type, NVT = nonavalent vaccine-type. Prevalence was determined with 244 SC specimens and 230 PC specimens. Chi-square and Kappa analysis were performed with only the 266 pairs of SC and PC specimens. c Single and multiple infections were reported as proportions a of the 109 HPV positive with SC specimens; b of the 59 HPV positive with PC specimens. d The other high-risk HPVs were HPV59, HPV45, HPV35, HPV51, HPV58; e the other high-risk HPV were HPV59; f the other high-risk HPVs were HPV59, HPV35, HPV51, HPV39; g the other high-risk HPVs were HPV51.
