The Immunomodulatory Effects of Albumin In Vitro and In Vivo
Figure 1
Treatment with fraction V bovine serum albumin (BSA) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo) dose-dependently increases TNF-α gene expression in murine peritoneal macrophages in an NF-κB-dependent manner. (a) RAW264.7 peritoneal macrophages were transiently transfected with a 3x NF-κB/luc reporter plasmid prior to treatment with increasing doses of BSA for 24 h (doses in mg/mL shown on the -axis). BSA treatment resulted in increased NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner. As a comparison, LPS treatment (10 μg/mL) resulted in a 3.9-fold increase in relative luciferase activity (data not shown). All experiments were performed in triplicate with 3 wells per condition (* compared to control). (b) RAW264.7 peritoneal macrophages were treated with increasing doses of BSA for 24 h (doses in mg/mL shown on the -axis). BSA treatment resulted in a significant increase in TNF-α, as measured by ELISA. As a comparison, LPS treatment (10 μg/mL) resulted in a much greater increase in TNF-α compared to BSA (TNF-α 7000 pg/mL) (data not shown). All experiments were performed in triplicate with 3 wells per condition (* compared to control).
