Effects of Grape Seed Extract, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E on Ethanol- and Aspirin-Induced Ulcers
Table 1
Effects of GSE, VC, and VE on ulcer indexes and MDA gastric concentrations in rats with aspirin-induced ulcer.
Treatment
Doses (mg/kg)
Ulcer index (mm)
(%)
MDA (nmol/mg of pt)
(%)
Negative control (vehicle)
0
0 ± 0****
—
1.02 ± 0.21**
—
Positive control (vehicle + aspirin)
0
27.06 ± 5.60
—
12.28 ± 0.81
—
VC + aspirin
25
10.91 ± 2.33**
59.7
8.7 ± 0.28***
31.8
VC + aspirin
250
8.36 ± 1.23***
69.1
4.69 ± 0.92**
67.4
VE + aspirin
25
13.72 ± 3.60*
49.3
6.33 ± 0.86***
52.8
VE + aspirin
250
10.31 ± 2.70*
61.9
3.11 ± 0.43***
81.4
GSE + aspirin
25
11.56 ± 3.50*
57.3
5.11 ± 0.79***a
63.6
GSE + aspirin
250
11.81 ± 3.03*
56.3
1.95 ± 0.28***at
91.7
GSE: grape seed extract, VC: vitamin C, VE: vitamin E, MDA: malondialdehyde. Data as means ± MSE (mean standard error).
*
, **, ***; comparisons with positive controls, ; comparisons with the same dose of VC; ; comparisons with that of VE, (Mann-Whitney test).
