Clinical setting Heparin preparation Mode of administration Comparator Number of patients Clinical outcome Laboratory outcome Study design Pancreatitis after ERCP [36 ] UFH SC Saline solution 105 (54 in control group) Rate of postoperative pancreatitis was not significant between both groups — Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) [37 ] UFH SC Enoxaparin 201 — No significant difference between CD4 ligand and PAI-1 in both groups Open label, randomized, clinical trial Skin or pulmonary allergy [38 ] UFH IV/nebulizer Normal saline/placebo 25 Significant inhibition of mast cell-mediated allergic inflammation ( — Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial COPD [39 ] UFH IV — 37 (18 in control group) Significant improvement in bronchospasm and bronchial secretions (58% response rate) — Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial COPD [40 ] Nadroparin SC Conventional treatment 66 (33 in each group) Decrease of duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital and ICU stay ( Significant decrease in levels of CRP, IL-6, and fibrinogen Randomized controlled trial Ischemic stroke [41 ] UFH IV Aspirin 167 (97 in control group) Early onset initiation of heparin might improve recovery after stroke Rise of sVCAM-1 at 48 h was significantly lower in patients treated with UFH ( Quasi-experimental (controlled observational study) Ligneous conjunctivitis [42 ] UFH Topical Alpha chymotrypsin or steroid 17 (12 in control group) Intensive and early use of topical heparin may improve therapy results in disease — Quasi-experimental (nonrandomized Clinical trial) Endotoxemia (induced by lipopolysaccharide in healthy subjects) [43 ] UFH IV LMWH or placebo 30 (10 in each group) — No effect on TNF-α , IL-6 and 8, CRP, and E-selectin Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel group trial Mechanical ventilation [44 ] UFH Nebulizer Normal saline (placebo) 50 (25 in each group) Fewer days on mechanical ventilation, better Pao2/Fio2 ratio — Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial Percutaneous coronary intervention [45 ] Bivalirudin IV UFH + eptifibatide 63 (29 in control group) — Increase in IL-6 and CRP after 1 day. Decrease in CRP in bivalirudin group after 30 days ( Randomized controlled trial Cystic fibrosis (adults) [46 ] UFH Inhaler — 12 (6 in control group) Spirometry parameters did not change IL-6 reduced after treatment Quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest design) Cystic fibrosis (adults) [47 ] UFH Inhaler Placebo 14 No effect on FEV1 No effect on sputum inflammatory markers Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial Hemodialysis patients [48 ] UFH IV/SC LMWH and no drug 33 LMWH decreased oxidative stress and inflammation whereas heparin increased them CRP, TNF-α , superoxide dismutase, MDA increased in heparin group but comparable to LMWH group Quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest design) Stable angina [49 ] Heparin + Aspirin ( — Argatroban + Aspirin ( No difference in inflammatory response after angioplasty Fibrinogen decreased significantly in argatroban group. No difference in von Willberand factor between both groups. PAI-1 increased in argatroban group Randomized controlled trial Phacoemulsification [50 ] Heparin Coated lenses Polymethylmethacrylate lenses 367 Heparin coated lenses reduced significantly inflammation early postoperation ( — Randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel group trial Allergic rhinitis [51 ] UFH Intranasal — 10 — Reduction of eosinophil cationic protein in the nasal wash Quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest design) Phacomorphic glaucoma [52 ] Dalteparin Irrigation Balanced salt solution 46 (23 in each group) Significant decrease of postoperative inflammation in dalteparin group — Randomized, double-blind, clinical trial Burn [53 ] Dalteparin SC No treatment 24 — Decrease of nitric oxide synthetase activity significantly Quasi-experimental (nonrandomized clinical trial) Unstable coronary artery disease [54 ] Enoxaparin ( SC UFH ( 68 Von Willberand factor may have prognostic value, but other biological variables did not predict outcome CRP, fibrinogen, Von Willberand factor increased over first 2 days despite medical treatment. Enoxaparin (13%) and dalteparin (19%) reduced release of Von Willberand factor Open label, randomized, clinical trial ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) [55 ] Enoxaparin SC UFH 34 (17 in each group) Both heparin and enoxaparin show anti-inflammatory effects in STEMI patients Serum Amyloid A ( Open label, randomized, clinical trial Coronary artery disease [56 ] Dalteparin SC Placebo 555 (285 in control group) Dalteparin reduced coagulation and so Myocardial Infarction but has not inflammatory activity No effects on IL-6, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre trial Stable coronary artery disease [57 ] Enoxaparin SC Sodium chloride 62 (31 in each group) By mobilizing vessel bound MPO, enoxaparin improves endothelial function Significant increase of MPO levels Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Acute coronary syndrome and PCI [58 ] Tirofiban (high dose) + enoxaparin Tirofiban (high dose) + UFH 60 (30 in each group) The combination of tirofiban (high dose) + enoxaparin reduced inflammation after PCI Von willberand, CRP, D-dimer, and prothrombin fragment were significantly lower in enoxaparin group than UFH Open label randomized controlled trial Superficial venous thrombophlebitis [59 ] Dalteparin SC Ibuprofen 72 (37 in dalteparin group) Significant reduction of pain form baseline to day 14 of follow-up. No difference on thrombosis progression after 3 months — Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial Superficial venous thrombosis [60 ] Nadroparin SC Naproxen 117 (39 in control group) Nadroparin reduced symptom and signs of thrombosed superficial vein better than naproxen ( — Randomized, open label clinical trial Superficial venous thrombosis [61 ] Nadroparin SC Nadroparin + acemetacin 50 Significant symptom improvement in both groups ( — Randomized controlled trial Peritoneal dialysis patients [62 ] Tinzaparin Intraperitoneal Isotonic saline 21 Reduction of local and systemic inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients Reduced levels of CRP ( Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial
