Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of Doxorubicin-Loaded Cockleshell-Derived Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticle in Dogs

Figure 1

Effect on physical and clinical parameters. (a) Dermal lesion on the facial region of the dogs given free DOX after the 4th cycle. (b) Effect of treatment groups from onset to 3 weeks after the 5th cycle on the body weight (kg). (c) Effect of treatment groups from onset to 3 weeks after the 5th cycle on rectal temperature (°C). (d) Effect of treatment groups from onset to 3 weeks after the 5th cycle on heart rate (bpm). Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Different alphabets indicate statistical significance () between groups at different cumulative doses with a, b, c, and d representing significant difference with control, DOX 30 mg/m², CS-CaCO₃NP-DOX 50 mg/m², CS-CaCO₃NP-DOX 30 mg/m², and CS-CaCO₃NP-DOX 20 mg/m², respectively. (e) Urine colour change in dogs given free DOX and CS-CaCO₃NP-DOX at different doses.

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