Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea against Selected Animal Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

Table 3

Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of the leaf and antibiotics against the test pathogens (mean ± SD, n = 3).

Tested pathogens	Zone of inhibition
	Crude extract solvents from the leaf			Antibiotics
	Conc. Ml (mg)	Water (mean ± SD) (mm)	Ethanol (mean ± SD) (mm)	Conc. Ml/Mg	Ciprofloxacin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Amoxicillin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Penicillin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Tetracycline (mean ± SD) (mm)
S. aureus	25	3.57 ± 0.89^Aa	11.2 ± 1.08^Ab	0.1	11.83 ± 0.40^Cc	13.37 ± 0.31^Ad	—	21.13 ± 1.07^Bf
	50	6.4 ± 1.74^Ba	15.17 ± 1.73^Eb	0.2	11.93 ± 1.03^Cc	20.1 ± 1.59^Cd	—	28.63 ± 3.06^Df
S. pyogenes	25	5.5 ± 0.47^Da	17.83 ± 1.29^Fb	0.1	29.13 ± 1.97^Fc	15.7 ± 0.76^Bd	12.6 ± 0.58^Ae	11.47 ± 0.66^Aa
	50	6.53 ± 0.97^Ca	13.3 ± 1.30^Ab	0.2	30.47 ± 0.88^Fc	29.97 ± 1.71^Fc	30.13 ± 0.83^Fe	25.47 ± 4.35^Cf
L. monocytogenes	25	3.07 ± 1.34^Aa	19.67 ± 0.59^Fb	0.1	19.6 ± 0.56^Ac	17.83 ± 0.87 ^Bd	16.7 ± 0.80^Be	31.33 ± 1.61^Ff
	50	5.6 ± 1.81^Da	9.63 ± 0.74^Cb	0.2	25.8 ± 1.44^Bc	23.23 ± 4.33 ^Cd	28.2 ± 2.08^Ee	31.63 ± 0.66^Ff
E. coli O157 H:7	25	4.07 ± 0.52^Aa	11.47 ± 0.66^Bb	0.1	17.3 ± 3.62^Ac	13.03 ± 2.61^Ad	—	25.53 ± 3.16^Cf
	50	6.9 ± 1.68^Ca	15.67 ± 0.74^Eb	0.2	19.73 ± 0.94^Ac	16.8 ± 0.78 ^Bd	—	27.87 ± 0.53^Ef
S. typhi	25	2.67 ± 0.96^Fa	11.5 ± 1.96^Bb	0.1	16.27 ± 1.19^Dc	26.57 ± 2.36 ^Ec	15.2 ± 0.70^Be	23.77 ± 1.35^Cf
	50	1.7 ± 0.89^Ea	13.23 ± 0.96^Ab	0.2	22.27 ± 1.14^Ec	26.87 ± 1.62 ^Ec	23.87 ± 3.72^Ce	28.13 ± 3.62^Ef
C. jejuni	25	3.1 ± 0.82^Aa	10.1 ± 0.32^Cb	0.1	29.03 ± 1.26^Fc	19.97 ± 0.77^Cd	23.1 ± 2.0^Ce	15.67 ± 0.90^Af
	50	4.1 ± 0.87 ^Ba	12.23 ± 1.04^Bb	0.2	31.37 ± 0.86^Fc	23.6 ± 3.49 ^Cd	25.6 ± 2.25^De	18.2 ± 1.49^Bf

n = number of experimental replicates; SD = standard deviation; means with the same letter (lower case) in the same row are not significantly different; means with the same letter (upper case) in the same column are not significantly different.