Antibacterial Activities of Calpurnia aurea against Selected Animal Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

Table 5

Antibacterial activity of crude extracts of the bark and antibiotics against the test pathogens (mean ± SD, n = 3).

Tested pathogens	Zone of inhibition
	Crude extract solvents from the bark			Antibiotics
	Conc. Ml (mg)	Water (mean ± SD) (mm)	Ethanol (mean ± SD) (mm)	Conc. Ml/Mg	Ciprofloxacin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Amoxicillin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Penicillin (mean ± SD) (mm)	Tetracycline (mean ± SD) (mm)
S. aureus	25	1.67 ± 0.52^Aa	10.6 ± 0.93^Bb	0.1	11.83 ± 0.40^Fb	13.37 ± 0.31^Fb	—	21.13 ± 1.07^Cf
	50	2.3 ± 0.18^Ba	10.83 ± 2.07^Bb	0.2	11.93 ± 1.03^Fb	20.1 ± 1.59^Dd	—	28.63 ± 3.06^Ef
S. pyogenes	25	0.97 ± 0.18^Ag	10.2 ± 0.76^Bb	0.1	29.13 ± 1.97^Bc	15.7 ± 0.76^Ed	12.6 ± 0.58^Aa	11.47 ± 0.66^Ab
	50	3.1 ± 0.24^Ca	13.5 ± 0.99^Eb	0.2	30.47 ± 0.88^Ac	29.97 ± 1.71^Ad	30.13 ± 0.83^Fe	25.47 ± 4.35^Df
L. monocytogenes	25	1.77 ± 0.22^Aa	8.07 ± 0.49^Aa	0.1	19.6 ± 0.56^Dc	17.83 ± 0.87^Fd	16.7 ± 0.80^Bc	31.33 ± 1.61^Ff
	50	2.57 ± 0.21^Ba	9.97 ± 1.04^Ab	0.2	25.8 ± 1.44^Cc	23.23 ± 4.33^Cd	28.2 ± 2.08^Ee	31.63 ± 0.66^Ff
E. coli O157 H:7	25	1.03 ± 0.18^Aa	10.33 ± 0.94^Bb	0.1	17.3 ± 3.62^Ec	13.03 ± 2.61^Fd	—	25.53 ± 3.16^Df
	50	5.23 ± 0.77^Ea	13.23 ± 3.24^Eb	0.2	19.73 ± 0.94^Dc	16.8 ± 0.78^Ed	—	27.87 ± 0.53^Ef
S. typhi	25	2.13 ± 0.60^Ba	11.13 ± 1.97^Cb	0.1	16.27 ± 1.19^Ec	26.57 ± 2.36^Bd	15.2 ± 0.70^Bc	23.77 ± 1.35^Cf
	50	4.2 ± 1.71^Da	12.77 ± 3.63^Db	0.2	22.27 ± 1.14^Cc	26.87 ± 1.62^Bd	23.87 ± 3.72^Cc	28.13 ± 3.62^Ef
C. jejuni	25	1.1 ± 0.27^Aa	12.5 ± 0.50^Db	0.1	29.03 ± 1.26^Bc	19.97 ± 0.77^Dd	23.1 ± 2.0^Cc	15.67 ± 0.90^Bb
	50	2.63 ± 0.85^Ba	12.47 ± 1.43^Db	0.2	31.37 ± 0.86^Ac	23.6 ± 3.49^Cd	25.6 ± 2.25^De	18.2 ± 1.49^Bf

n = number of experimental replicates; SD = standard deviation; means with the same letter (lower case) in the same row are not significantly different; means with the same letter (upper case) in the same column are not significantly different.