Biological Activity and Chemical Composition of Detarium microcarpum Guill. and Perr—A Systematic Review

Table 4

Antibacterial activity of D. microcarpum.

S/N	Method	Solvents	Part of the plant	Major findings	Reference
1	Agar-disc	Ethanol	Leaves	S. aureus and S. salmonellae were found to be resistant to all portions of the leaf extract tested at 15, 30, and 60 μg/mL, respectively.	[49]
2	Agar well diffusion	Ethanol	Stem bark	At various doses of 100, 50, 25, and 12 mg/mL, respectively, the stem bark ethanolic extracts showed antibacterial activity against the studied species, with S. aureus having the largest zone of inhibition at 21 mm at 100 mg/mL.	[44]
3	Agar disc diffusion method	Methanol	Stem bark	The stem bark extract were highly active against the test strains, exhibiting substantial efficacy at 25 μg/mL.	[65]
4	Microdilution	Methanol	Fruits	Salmonella typhi, Salmonella enteritidis, and Salmonella typhimurium were all inhibited by the microcarposide with the inhibition zone of 153.4, 76.7, and 76.7 μM, respectively.	[45]
5	Broth dilution, In vivo	Ethanol	Root bark	Ethanolic root bark extract and the isolated compound rhinocerotinoic acid showed good efficacy in vitro and infected animals at an effective dose of 75 mg/kg.	[66]
6	Agar and disc diffusion	Petroleum ether	Seeds	Seeds were found to be significant against all eight tested strains with the highest zone of inhibition against S. aureus at 8.8 mm	[26]
7	Ager plate	Petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol	Bark	The ethanolic bark extract exhibited the highest activity against Listeria monocytogenes at 13 mm	[33]
8	MIC		Stem bark	Catechin gallate and methyl gallate compound 2 (MIC 200 μg/mL) showed anti-MRSA activity, which is interesting because compounds 1 and 2 also showed anti-MRSA activity.	[40]
9	Agar disk diffusion and broth micro dilution		Essential oil	The extract showed moderate and strong inhibition zones of 12 and 22 mm against all of the tested microbial strains, respectively.	[28]
10	Ager well	n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and methanol	Stem bark	Stem bark extract exhibited strong activity against Staphylococcus against the zone of inhibition 28 mm	[67]
11	MIC	Dichloromethane and methanol		The dicholoromethane extract of Detarium microcarpum is the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Pythium aphanidermatum at 75%.	[68]
12	Disc diffusion	Ethanol	Stem barks and seeds	The greatest inhibitory concentration was 100 mg/mL in proteus mirabilis, with an 8-mm inhibition zone.	[69]
13	Mic	Petroleum ether	Seed	The extract exhibited the growth of all tested bacteria significantly	[13]
14		Aqueous and methanol	Seeds	Highest zone of inhibition was recorded against E. coli at 18 mm	[11]

Notes: S/N = serial number and MIC = minimum inhibitory concentrations.