Designing Novel Interfaces via Surface Functionalization of Short-Chain-Length Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Table 2

Surface modification techniques employed in fabricating surface-modified biomaterials.

Types of modifications	Modifications of surfaces
Mechanical modifications	(1) Creating physical micro-rough, grooves or pores by enzyme degradation[63], alkali hydrolysis[64], particulate leaching or freeze-drying methods[65].
Physicochemical modifications	(1) Treatment with active gases, vapor or ion treatments to form hydrophilic groups on the surface[66].
	(2) Plasma treatment and grafting to form functional groups on surface[67, 68].
	(3) Photo-induced grafting to produce charged surface[69].
Biological modifications	(1) Immobilizing biomolecules (peptides, heparin, collagen, chitosan and gelatin) onto the surface[70–74]
	(2) Coating and entrapment of biomolecules onto the surface[75, 76].