Multiobjective Optimization Method for Polymer Injection Molding Based on a Genetic Algorithm

<table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab6"><tr><td><table class="table"><colgroup><col style="width:3.39em"/><col style="width:5.74em"/><col style="width:5.74em"/><col style="width:5.74em"/><col style="width:5.74em"/><col style="width:4.62em"/></colgroup><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Level</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="13.0753pt" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-5.30062pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -7.77468 22.2612 13.0753" width="22.2612pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M298 36L289 62C276 55 253 45 228 45C202 45 169 60 169 141V397H276C289 405 292 426 282 437H169V574L155 576L90 509V437H45L17 408L21 397H90V107C90 28 125 -12 188 -12C198 -12 213 -8 230 1L298 36Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.965,3.132)"><path d="M173 382V461C125 442 68 425 25 418V390C88 382 92 382 92 317V-127C92 -191 84 -199 18 -204V-235H259V-204C180 -196 173 -192 173 -120V7C188 -1 212 -11 243 -12C375 12 495 109 495 261C495 361 427 451 316 451C303 451 283 446 266 435L173 382ZM173 345C200 365 243 388 274 388C346 388 409 329 409 222C409 111 353 40 266 40C231 40 196 56 173 79V345Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.879,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.938,3.132)"><path d="M396 114C349 71 317 59 274 59C216 59 123 104 123 241C123 342 180 400 246 400C283 400 317 386 348 359C355 352 361 348 366 348C378 348 401 371 402 394C402 405 398 413 385 424C369 437 337 451 294 451H293C254 451 193 434 141 394C73 342 39 277 39 198C39 90 114 -12 243 -12C303 -12 371 31 415 90L396 114Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.823,3.132)"><path d="M523 0V30C483 33 455 48 422 83C390 115 285 234 266 263C309 314 327 333 351 357C388 392 414 404 483 415V444L273 435V405C320 400 321 392 302 364C285 339 256 300 233 277C218 262 201 250 170 243V710C130 697 73 680 22 675V647C85 642 89 637 89 570V107C89 44 83 35 14 30V0H244V30C179 35 170 41 170 107V214C176 216 181 217 186 217C194 217 203 212 216 196C273 129 333 54 384 -1L523 0Z"></path></g></svg> <br/>A</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.0621pt" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 28.2049 12.0621" width="28.2049pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M592 498C586 556 582 629 581 675H560C545 656 537 650 510 650H115C87 650 74 652 60 675H40C38 620 33 555 28 495H57C69 539 77 568 89 585C102 607 122 616 205 616H267V123C267 44 259 34 168 28V0H454V28C360 34 352 44 352 123V616H422C498 616 514 608 531 584C542 568 552 543 562 495L592 498Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.021,3.132)"><path d="M810 0V30C751 35 744 40 744 106V296C744 396 694 451 614 451C583 451 558 438 537 425C512 409 485 391 454 368C434 420 390 451 342 451C309 451 285 439 260 424C228 405 206 387 185 372V453C141 434 90 421 43 413V386C102 378 105 373 105 309V106C105 41 96 35 29 30V0H243V30C194 35 185 41 185 106V335C216 360 256 389 297 389C357 389 384 348 384 275V106C384 41 374 35 312 30V0H530V30C475 35 465 41 465 104V294C465 313 464 324 463 336C502 367 539 389 576 389C637 389 663 346 663 274V109C663 41 653 35 593 30V0H810Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.583,3.132)"><path d="M262 451C169 451 38 375 38 210C38 98 121 -12 261 -12C360 -12 481 64 481 227C481 351 386 451 262 451ZM249 414C337 414 385 320 385 204C385 70 333 25 272 25C189 25 134 117 134 241C134 355 189 414 249 414Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.242,3.132)"><path d="M244 0V30C178 35 170 41 170 107V710C136 697 72 680 18 675V647C83 642 89 639 89 572V107C89 43 80 35 16 30V0H244Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.608,3.132)"><path d="M526 56L493 58C457 61 448 68 448 119V710C411 697 344 682 288 675V646C362 641 367 639 367 573V439C344 448 315 451 300 451C164 451 40 342 40 202C40 61 147 -12 227 -12C239 -12 266 -7 305 16L367 53V-12C427 10 505 21 526 26V56ZM367 88C342 69 306 54 271 54C207 54 133 111 133 229C133 373 219 409 264 409C301 409 342 394 367 359V88Z"></path></g></svg> <br/>B</td><td class="align_center">t<br/>C</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="12.0621pt" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.7664 25.282 12.0621" width="25.282pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M592 498C586 556 582 629 581 675H560C545 656 537 650 510 650H115C87 650 74 652 60 675H40C38 620 33 555 28 495H57C69 539 77 568 89 585C102 607 122 616 205 616H267V123C267 44 259 34 168 28V0H454V28C360 34 352 44 352 123V616H422C498 616 514 608 531 584C542 568 552 543 562 495L592 498Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.021,3.132)"><path d="M810 0V30C751 35 744 40 744 106V296C744 396 694 451 614 451C583 451 558 438 537 425C512 409 485 391 454 368C434 420 390 451 342 451C309 451 285 439 260 424C228 405 206 387 185 372V453C141 434 90 421 43 413V386C102 378 105 373 105 309V106C105 41 96 35 29 30V0H243V30C194 35 185 41 185 106V335C216 360 256 389 297 389C357 389 384 348 384 275V106C384 41 374 35 312 30V0H530V30C475 35 465 41 465 104V294C465 313 464 324 463 336C502 367 539 389 576 389C637 389 663 346 663 274V109C663 41 653 35 593 30V0H810Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.583,3.132)"><path d="M384 109C349 76 310 59 268 59C197 59 123 113 120 245C240 248 367 259 384 262C403 266 407 275 407 296C407 376 338 451 254 451H253C201 451 148 425 105 378C65 334 39 272 39 203C39 88 112 -12 235 -12C266 -12 339 5 402 84L384 109ZM230 411C285 411 319 365 319 313C319 298 313 293 294 293C236 291 180 290 125 290C141 370 185 411 230 411Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,19.496,3.132)"><path d="M244 0V30C178 35 170 41 170 107V710C136 697 72 680 18 675V647C83 642 89 639 89 572V107C89 43 80 35 16 30V0H244Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,21.752,3.132)"><path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 298 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 27 128 -12 192 -12C203 -12 218 -9 237 2L303 37Z"></path></g></svg> <br/>D</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="13.6886pt" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-5.300619pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.38798 25.6278 13.6886" width="25.6278pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M46 650V622C120 617 128 613 128 525V125C128 42 120 34 40 28V0H311V28C221 34 212 39 212 124V281L286 262C297 261 316 261 331 263C429 275 526 338 526 468C526 533 501 579 462 609C422 638 364 650 293 650H46ZM212 559C212 588 215 600 223 606C230 613 251 618 279 618C361 618 430 572 430 464C430 337 350 302 285 302C252 302 225 309 212 314V559Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.319,3.132)"><path d="M173 382V461C125 442 68 425 25 418V390C88 382 92 382 92 317V-127C92 -191 84 -199 18 -204V-235H259V-204C180 -196 173 -192 173 -120V7C188 -1 212 -11 243 -12C375 12 495 109 495 261C495 361 427 451 316 451C303 451 283 446 266 435L173 382ZM173 345C200 365 243 388 274 388C346 388 409 329 409 222C409 111 353 40 266 40C231 40 196 56 173 79V345Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.233,3.132)"><path d="M442 39L431 68C420 63 406 57 394 57C377 57 359 71 359 118V301C359 353 349 393 314 424C291 443 261 451 230 451C171 438 107 401 79 381C59 366 46 355 46 340C46 316 72 295 91 295C106 295 117 303 122 319C131 350 139 371 152 384C163 397 178 404 197 404C246 404 281 365 281 293V278C260 262 186 232 124 213C69 194 41 161 41 112C41 47 92 -12 163 -12C195 -12 243 25 283 51C288 35 293 22 308 7C319 -4 339 -12 354 -12L442 39ZM281 87C262 68 226 51 199 51C169 51 129 74 129 126C129 162 151 181 190 198C211 208 259 229 281 240V87Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.292,3.132)"><path d="M396 114C349 71 317 59 274 59C216 59 123 104 123 241C123 342 180 400 246 400C283 400 317 386 348 359C355 352 361 348 366 348C378 348 401 371 402 394C402 405 398 413 385 424C369 437 337 451 294 451H293C254 451 193 434 141 394C73 342 39 277 39 198C39 90 114 -12 243 -12C303 -12 371 31 415 90L396 114Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.177,3.132)"><path d="M523 0V30C483 33 455 48 422 83C390 115 285 234 266 263C309 314 327 333 351 357C388 392 414 404 483 415V444L273 435V405C320 400 321 392 302 364C285 339 256 300 233 277C218 262 201 250 170 243V710C130 697 73 680 22 675V647C85 642 89 637 89 570V107C89 44 83 35 14 30V0H244V30C179 35 170 41 170 107V214C176 216 181 217 186 217C194 217 203 212 216 196C273 129 333 54 384 -1L523 0Z"></path></g></svg> <br/>E</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">-2</td><td class="align_center">6</td><td class="align_center">20</td><td class="align_center">0.4</td><td class="align_center">210</td><td class="align_center">25</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">-1</td><td class="align_center">8</td><td class="align_center">25</td><td class="align_center">0.5</td><td class="align_center">220</td><td class="align_center">30</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">0</td><td class="align_center">10</td><td class="align_center">30</td><td class="align_center">0.6</td><td class="align_center">230</td><td class="align_center">35</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">1</td><td class="align_center">12</td><td class="align_center">35</td><td class="align_center">0.7</td><td class="align_center">240</td><td class="align_center">40</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">2</td><td class="align_center">14</td><td class="align_center">40</td><td class="align_center">0.8</td><td class="align_center">250</td><td class="align_center">45</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Experimental factors and their levels.</div>

Advances in Polymer Technology

tab6

Table 6

Table 6: Multiobjective Optimization Method for Polymer Injection Molding Based on a Genetic Algorithm 