3D In Vitro Human Organ Mimicry Devices for Drug Discovery, Development, and Assessment

Table 5

Summary of recent advancements in cardiotoxicity modelling and testing including the type of drug, the application, the applied cell lines, and the kinetics.

Drug type	Application	Applied cell lines	Kinetics	Ref(s)
DXR	Toxicity	HUVECs and hiPSC-CMs	33 days	[56]
	Pharmacokinetics and toxicity	hCMs and HepG2	24 hours	[100]
Isoprenaline	Toxicity	CMs and hiPSC-derived CMs	6 days	[101]
TiO2 and Ag nanoparticles	Cardiotoxicity	CMs and NRVMs	35 hrs	[103]

DXR: doxorubicin; HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells; hiPSC: human-induced pluripotent stem cells; CMs: cardiomyocytes; hCMs: human primary cardiomyocytes; HepG2: human hepatocellular carcinoma; NRVMs: neonatal rat ventricular myocytes; TiO₂: titanium dioxide; Ag: silver.