Review Article

Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) Play with Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria (AOB) in Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater

Figure 1

Schematic illustration of ammonia oxidation pathways in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (a) and archaea (b). The figure is reproduced from Kozlowski et al. and Nishizawa et al. [66, 67]. Abbreviations: HAO, hydroxylamine dehydrogenase; NIR, nitrite reductase; NOR, nitric oxide reductase.
(a) Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
(b) Ammonia-oxidizing archaea