Root Anatomy and Root Canal Configuration of Human Permanent Mandibular Premolars: A Systematic Review

Table 4

Table enlisting documented case reports of mandibular first premolars with multiplicity of roots or root canals in teeth presenting.

Number of roots	Root canal anatomy	Diagnostic method	Country	Reference
1 root	2 canals	R/G	USA	England et al. [44], 1991
	2 canals	R/G	India	Shenoy et al. [45], 2013
	3 canals	R/G	Jamaica	Nallapati [46], 2005
	3 canals	R/G	Brazil	De Almeida-Gomes et al. [47], 2006
2 roots	2 canals	R/G	India	Kararia et al. [48], 2012
	3 canals	R/G	India	Poorni et al. [49] 2010
	3 canals	R/G	India	Moayedi and Lata [50], 2004
	N/A	R/G	USA	Milano et al. [51], 2002
3 roots	3 canals	R/G	India	Kakkar and Singh [52], 2012
	3 canals	R/G	China	Chan et al. [53], 1992
	3 canals	Extraction	USA	Fischer and Evans [54], 1992
	3 canals	Micro CT after extraction	Britain	Cleghorn et al. [55], 2008
N/A	3 canals	R/G	Germany	Hülsmann [56], 1990
N/A	3 canals	R/G	Australia	Yang [57], 1994
4 roots	4 canals	R/G	India	Vaghela and Sinha [58], 2013
—	4 canals	R/G	China	Du et al. [59], 2013

N/A: not available, R/G: radiograph, and micro-CT: microcomputed tomography.