Bilateral Chondroepitrochlearis Muscle: Case Report, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Clinical Significance

Table 1

Summarized data of previous reported cases on chondroepitrochlearis muscle (CEM).

Author	Proximal attachments	Distal attachments	Untwist PM tendon	Axillary arch muscle	Tuberocondylar tendon	Blood supply	Nerve supply
Perrin [16]	7th rib, inferior fibers of PM, ext ob aponeurosis	Me	+	+	+
Bryce [17]	6th costal cartilage	MIMS, Me		−	+		External anterior thoracic nerve
Tobler (1902)	Inferior fibers of PM	Me		+			Nerve to muscular arch
Saar (1903)	Inferior fibers of PM	Me
BÔSE (1904)	Inferior fibers of PM	Me		+
Steinbach (1923)	Abdominal fibers of PM	Me
Yokoh (1933)	Inferior fibers of PM	Me		+
Tischendorf (1949)	Abdominal fibers of PM	Me					Nerve to abdominal part of PM
Landry Jr. [15]	Costal cartilages	Me	+		+
Aziz [18]	Inferior fibers of PM	Me	+	+	+
Chiba et al. [3]	Inferior fibers of PM	Me	+	+	+		CBAP
Ohtani et al. [12]	Inferior fibers of PM	Me	+	+	+		CBAP
Voto and Weiner [13]	Costocartilages of ribs 7–10	Me			+
Lin [10]	Inferior fibers of PM	Me		+	+
Bergman [7]				+
Spinner et al. [11]	6th and 7th ribs	Me		+	+		MPN, root of median nerve
Di Gennaro et al. (1998)	Inferior fibers of PM	Me			+
Flaherty et al. [5]	5th costal cartilage	Me	+	−	+		MPN, root of median nerve
Nakajima et al. [9]	Inferior fibers of PM	Me		+			CBAP, intercostobrachial nerve
Sarikcioglu et al. [14]	5th and 6th costochondral junctions	Me	+	−		LTA	MPN
Loukas et al. [19]	lateral fibers of PM	Me				TAT	MPN
Samuel and Vollala [20]	Inferior fibers of PM	MIMS, Me	+	−		LTA	MPN
Barcia and Genovés [21]	5th costochondral junction	Me	−			LTA	MPN
Natsis et al. [6]	Costal cartilage at the lateral border of PM	Me

PM: pectoralis major; ext ob: external oblique; Me: medial epicondyle; MIMS: medial intermuscular septum; LTA: lateral thoracic artery; TAT: thoracoacromial trunk; MPN: medial pectoral nerve; and CBAP: caudal branch of ansa pectoralis.
Note. Data in italics are extracted from Chiba et al. 1983 [3].