Review Article

The Psoas Compartment Block for Hip Surgery: The Past, Present, and Future

Table 1

Approaches of the lumbar plexus through the history.

YearAuthorLandmarksRemarks

1974WinnieL4-L5; intersection line parallel spine through posterior superior iliac spine and intercristal lineToo lateral
1976ChayenL4-L5; 5 cm lateral and 3 cm caudal from spinous process L4Too lateral
1989ParkinsonL3; 3-4 cm lateralL3 approach enhances the risk of renal puncture
1993HannaL2-L3; 3–5 cm lateral
2002CapdevilaL4-L5; junction of lateral one third and medial two thirds of the line L4 and the line passes through posterior superior iliac spine (Modified Winnie approach)Too lateral
2002PandinL4-L5, 3 cm below intercristal line and 3 cm lateral to the interspinous line (Modified Chayen approach)Too medial enhancing the risk of epidural spread of local anesthetics