Review Article
Current Concepts in the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Table 1
Anaesthetic strategies to decrease PONV.
| (1) Use of regional anaesthesia. | (2) Avoid emetogenic stimuli | (a) Nitrous oxide | (b) Inhalational agents | (c) Etomidate and Ketamine. | (3) Minimize the following: | (a) Intraoperative and postoperative opioids | (b) Adequate analgesia incorporating local anaesthetics, NSAIDs, and opioid as required | (c) Limiting the dose of neostigmine to 2.5 mg in adults. | (4) To consider the following: | (a) Total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) with propofol | (b) Adequate hydration, especially with colloids. | (c) Use of intraoperative supplemental oxygen | (d) Use of a anxiolytics, for example, benzodiazepines | (e) Nonpharmacological techniques, for example, acupuncture. |
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