Lipid Emulsion for Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity

Table 1

Pharmacology of common local anesthetics. Potency is relative. Potency: toxicity ratio is a useful evaluation to consider, articaine has the best ratio making it clinically efficacious as well as safe. %PB = protein binding.

	Potency	Pot : Tox	LWPC	Onset	pKa	𝑡^1/2 (min)	%PB
Bupivacaine	8	2	27.5	Slow	8.1	162	95.6
Articaine	3	3.3	17	Fast	7.8	20	94
Lignocaine	2	2	2.9	Fast	7.9	96	64.3
Mepivacaine	2	2.2	19.3	Fast	7.8	114	78
Prilocaine	2	2.7	0.9	Fast	7.7	93	55
Ropivacaine	4	2.25	2.9	Mod	8.1	96	94